Based on the attached figure (Fig. 18.7B in the textbook), what would anincrease in activation of D1 receptor-expressing spiny neurons in the striatumcause in downstream basal ganglia structures?Direct and indirect pathwaysSubstantiaD1nigraparsD2compacta(transient)Frontal cortexCerebral cortex(transient)+(transient) +(transient)Caudate/putamenVA/VL complexof thalamus(transient)(transient)Globus pallidus,Globus pallidus,external segmentinternal segment0(tonic)(tonic)+(transient)SubthalamicnucleusOA. decreased activity in the globus pallidus external segment (GPeB. decreased activity in the cortexC. increased activity in the subthalamic nucleus (STN)D. decreased activity in the thalamusE. decreased activity in the globus pallidus internal segment (GPI)Parafascicularnucleus

Explanation:The globus pallidus external segment (GPe) would become less active in response to an…

Answered: Based on the attached figure (Fig.…

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter7: The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8RE

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Refer to the direct pathway of the basal ganglia. What part of the frontal cortex is targeted by the direct pathway? What are the effects of the direct pathway on the thalamus and frontal cortex? Explain the circuitry of the direct pathway. Begin with the inputs and end with its effect on the cortex.
Which of the following describes the disinhibition in the direct pathway of the basal ganglia? Question 6 options: A) Subthalamic nucleus inhibits internal segment of the globus pallidus which disinhibits substantia nigra B) Substantia nigra inhibits striatum which disinhibits the subthalamic nucleus C) Striatum inhibits internal segment of the globus pallidus which disinhibits thalamus D) Striatum inhibits external segment of the globus pallidus which disinhibits thalamus
Describe the effect of parasympathetic innervation on each visceral organ innervated by the division of the ANS, especially the heart, blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, adrenal medulla, and external genitalia.
Describe evidence showing that the hippocampus is involved in the consolidation of short-termmemory. After long-term memory is established, why may there be no need for hippocampal involvement?
Briefly describe how silent glutamatergic synapses become activated during long term potentiation, describing all of the key neurotransmitters and their post-synaptic receptors and events that give rise to the process.
Listed below are the events that occur during basal ganglia functioning. Disinhibition of thalamic nuclei that project to motor cortex Inhibition of globus pallidus Excitation of corpus striatum Which of the following is the correct sequence of these events? Group of answer choices 1; 2; 3 1; 3; 2 2; 3; 1 2; 1; 3 3; 1; 2 3; 2; 1
What is a unique feature about the basal ganglia's anatomical organization? a. Few inhibitory circuits among many excitatory loops b. A balance of action-promoting and action-inhibition circuits c. Few excitatory circuits among many inhibitory loops d. Basal ganglia regions send motor output straight to the brain stem to control movements e. A balance of LTP and LTD circuits
List two autonomic responses that are controlled by nuclei in the hypothalamus.
How is it structurallyexplained that the motoractivity of the left side of thebody is controlled by the rightcerebral hemisphere and themotor activity of the right sideof the body is controlled bythe left cerebral hemisphere?
Briefly describe where a cholinergic drug acts and how itaffects the postsynaptic receptors. Give two examples ofits possible effects on function.
Chemical transmitters in basal ganglia include all the following, except :-a- GABAb- Dopaminec- Glutamated- Glycine
Describe the location and theoretical function of Broca's area and Wernicke's area. What are the symptoms of aphasia associated with damage to these areas?

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