Based on your understanding of portfolio risk, identify whether each statement is true or false. Statement True False A portfolio’s risk is likely to be smaller than the average of all stocks’ standard deviations, because diversification lowers the portfolio’s risk. Because of the effects of diversification, the portfolio’s risk is likely to be more than the average of all stocks’ standard deviations. Portfolio risk will increase if more stocks that are negatively correlated with other stocks are added to the portfolio. The unsystematic risk component of the total portfolio risk can be reduced by adding negatively correlated stocks to the portfolio.

Based on your understanding of portfolio risk, identify whether each statement is true or false. Statement True False A portfolio’s risk is likely to be smaller than the average of all stocks’ standard deviations, because diversification lowers the portfolio’s risk. Because of the effects of diversification, the portfolio’s risk is likely to be more than the average of all stocks’ standard deviations. Portfolio risk will increase if more stocks that are negatively correlated with other stocks are added to the portfolio. The unsystematic risk component of the total portfolio risk can be reduced by adding negatively correlated stocks to the portfolio.

Practical Management Science

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337406659

Author:WINSTON, Wayne L.

Publisher:WINSTON, Wayne L.

Chapter11: Simulation Models

Section11.3: Financial Models

Problem 23P: Suppose you currently have a portfolio of three stocks, A, B, and C. You own 500 shares of A, 300 of...

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You are considering a 10-year investment project. At present, the expected cash flow each year is 10,000. Suppose, however, that each years cash flow is normally distributed with mean equal to last years actual cash flow and standard deviation 1000. For example, suppose that the actual cash flow in year 1 is 12,000. Then year 2 cash flow is normal with mean 12,000 and standard deviation 1000. Also, at the end of year 1, your best guess is that each later years expected cash flow will be 12,000. a. Estimate the mean and standard deviation of the NPV of this project. Assume that cash flows are discounted at a rate of 10% per year. b. Now assume that the project has an abandonment option. At the end of each year you can abandon the project for the value given in the file P11_60.xlsx. For example, suppose that year 1 cash flow is 4000. Then at the end of year 1, you expect cash flow for each remaining year to be 4000. This has an NPV of less than 62,000, so you should abandon the project and collect 62,000 at the end of year 1. Estimate the mean and standard deviation of the project with the abandonment option. How much would you pay for the abandonment option? (Hint: You can abandon a project at most once. So in year 5, for example, you abandon only if the sum of future expected NPVs is less than the year 5 abandonment value and the project has not yet been abandoned. Also, once you abandon the project, the actual cash flows for future years are zero. So in this case the future cash flows after abandonment should be zero in your model.)
The IRR is the discount rate r that makes a project have an NPV of 0. You can find IRR in Excel with the built-in IRR function, using the syntax =IRR(range of cash flows). However, it can be tricky. In fact, if the IRR is not near 10%, this function might not find an answer, and you would get an error message. Then you must try the syntax =IRR(range of cash flows, guess), where guess" is your best guess for the IRR. It is best to try a range of guesses (say, 90% to 100%). Find the IRR of the project described in Problem 34. 34. Consider a project with the following cash flows: year 1, 400; year 2, 200; year 3, 600; year 4, 900; year 5, 1000; year 6, 250; year 7, 230. Assume a discount rate of 15% per year. a. Find the projects NPV if cash flows occur at the ends of the respective years. b. Find the projects NPV if cash flows occur at the beginnings of the respective years. c. Find the projects NPV if cash flows occur at the middles of the respective years.
In the financial world, there are many types of complex instruments called derivatives that derive their value from the value of an underlying asset. Consider the following simple derivative. A stocks current price is 80 per share. You purchase a derivative whose value to you becomes known a month from now. Specifically, let P be the price of the stock in a month. If P is between 75 and 85, the derivative is worth nothing to you. If P is less than 75, the derivative results in a loss of 100(75-P) dollars to you. (The factor of 100 is because many derivatives involve 100 shares.) If P is greater than 85, the derivative results in a gain of 100(P-85) dollars to you. Assume that the distribution of the change in the stock price from now to a month from now is normally distributed with mean 1 and standard deviation 8. Let EMV be the expected gain/loss from this derivative. It is a weighted average of all the possible losses and gains, weighted by their likelihoods. (Of course, any loss should be expressed as a negative number. For example, a loss of 1500 should be expressed as -1500.) Unfortunately, this is a difficult probability calculation, but EMV can be estimated by an @RISK simulation. Perform this simulation with at least 1000 iterations. What is your best estimate of EMV?
Suppose you currently have a portfolio of three stocks, A, B, and C. You own 500 shares of A, 300 of B, and 1000 of C. The current share prices are 42.76, 81.33, and, 58.22, respectively. You plan to hold this portfolio for at least a year. During the coming year, economists have predicted that the national economy will be awful, stable, or great with probabilities 0.2, 0.5, and 0.3. Given the state of the economy, the returns (one-year percentage changes) of the three stocks are independent and normally distributed. However, the means and standard deviations of these returns depend on the state of the economy, as indicated in the file P11_23.xlsx. a. Use @RISK to simulate the value of the portfolio and the portfolio return in the next year. How likely is it that you will have a negative return? How likely is it that you will have a return of at least 25%? b. Suppose you had a crystal ball where you could predict the state of the economy with certainty. The stock returns would still be uncertain, but you would know whether your means and standard deviations come from row 6, 7, or 8 of the P11_23.xlsx file. If you learn, with certainty, that the economy is going to be great in the next year, run the appropriate simulation to answer the same questions as in part a. Repeat this if you learn that the economy is going to be awful. How do these results compare with those in part a?
A European put option allows an investor to sell a share of stock at the exercise price on the exercise data. For example, if the exercise price is 48, and the stock price is 45 on the exercise date, the investor can sell the stock for 48 and then immediately buy it back (that is, cover his position) for 45, making 3 profit. But if the stock price on the exercise date is greater than the exercise price, the option is worthless at that date. So for a put, the investor is hoping that the price of the stock decreases. Using the same parameters as in Example 11.7, find a fair price for a European put option. (Note: As discussed in the text, an actual put option is usually for 100 shares.)
Stocks with high market betas have higher expected returns than stocks with low market betas. This evidence is inconsistent withI. The weak form efficient market hypothesisII. The semi-strong form efficient market hypothesisIII. The strong form efficient market hypothesis a) I, II, and III b) I and II c) I d) None of I, II, and III
Assume that prices for a non-dividend-paying stock follow the lognormal model. The current price of the stock is 145. The stock has a volatility of 25%. You are given that for a 2-year, at-the-money call. Calculate the expected payoff of this call. [DM_05d_05] Group of answer choices 46.88 50.04 59.51 56.35 53.20
Which of the following statements are true about exchange rate risk? Check all that apply: a)A Canadian investor with an investment in U.S Treasury bills faces exchange rate risk. b)Exchange rate risk can be hedged using a futures or forward contract in foreign exchange. c)Exchange rate risk arises from the uncertainty in asset returns due to changes in the exchange rate between the currency of the investor and the foreign currency. d)Exchange rate risk can't be perfectly hedged, even if the return earned in the foreign currency is known beforehand.
Complete the following table and draw a graph showing how bond pricefor each bond changes over time as they move towards their maturitydates. Describe the relationship between bond prices and timeremaining for maturity.YearsreminingtomaturityBOND ACoupon rate = 8% p.a.Market interest rate =6% p.a.BOND BCoupon rate = 6% p.a.Market interest rate =6% p.a.BOND CCoupon rate = 4% p.a.Market interest rate =6% p.a.109876543210
Evaluate the following statements:S1. Any investment income of general borrowing is deducted from capitalizable borrowing cost.S2. If the asset is financed by specific borrowing but a portion is used for working capital purposes, the borrowing shall be treated as general borrowing in determining capitalizable borrowing cost. a.False, False b.False, True c.True, True d.True, False
If a stock’s intrinsic value exceeds its market price, then it is __________ and should be __________. A. overvalued, sold B. overvalued, bought C. undervalued, bought D. undervalued, sold
Using the data in the following table, calculate the return for investing in Boeing stock (BA) from January 2, 2008, to January 2, 2009, and also from January 3, 2011, to January 3, 2012, assuming all dividends are reinvested in the stock immediately. Historical Stock and Dividend Data for Boeing Date Price Dividend Date Price Dividend 1/2/2008 86.62 1/3/2011 66.40 2/6/2008 79.91 0.40 2/9/2011 72.63 0.42 5/7/2008 84.55 0.40 5/11/2011 79.08 0.42 8/6/2008 65.40 0.40 8/10/2011 57.41 0.42 11/5/2008 49.55 0.40 11/8/2011 66.65 0.42 1/2/2009 45.25 1/3/2012 74.22 Return from January 2, 2008, to January 2, 2009 is how much? (Round to two decimal places.)

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Statement	True	False
A portfolio’s risk is likely to be smaller than the average of all stocks’ standard deviations, because diversification lowers the portfolio’s risk.
Because of the effects of diversification, the portfolio’s risk is likely to be more than the average of all stocks’ standard deviations.
Portfolio risk will increase if more stocks that are negatively correlated with other stocks are added to the portfolio.
The unsystematic risk component of the total portfolio risk can be reduced by adding negatively correlated stocks to the portfolio.