Bats of the Vespertilionidae family detect the distance to an object by timing how long it takes for an emitted signal to reflect off the object and return. Typically they emit sound pulses 3.00 ms long and 70.0 ms apart while cruising. If an echo is heard 32.8 ms later (vsound = 331 m/s), how far away is the object? When an object is only 39.2 cm away, how long will it be before the echo is heard? When an object is only 39.2 cm away, the bat  __________   able to detect the echo.

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Shock Waves

Shock waves are common in continuum mechanics, and their dominance is attributable to the fact that they are stronger (or even less) compressible. Substantial perturbations propagated as sudden dynamic changes of a compressible medium supersonically. Shock waves are all around us in our daily lives. Lightning, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and meteorite impact all produce them in nature. Even the earth, which is protected by its magnetic field, generates a shock wave as in solar wind that travels around 20 Earth radiuses. These shock waves might be either constant, linked to the body, or unsteady, i.e., moving around with time. All of the shocks mentioned above can be damaging, so precautions must be taken to reduce their impact.