Before JCVI-syn3.0 was produced, what steps were used to create a synthetic Mycoplasma cell? Put the events below into the correct order. Drag and drop the events into the proper sequence from left to right. ▸ View Available Hint(s) First Step Transformed cells are detected by the presence of lacz, which causes them to cleave Xgal and produce a blue color. Yeast is transformed using Mycoplasma mycoides fragments. The synthetic chromosome is transformed into Mycoplasma capricolum. The synthetic Mycoplasma mycoides chromosome is purified. DNA fragments assemble through homologous recombination in yeast. Reset Help Last Step
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- Certain environmental conditions such as exposure to UV light areknown to activate lysogenic λ prophages and cause them to progressinto the lytic cycle. UV light initially causes the repressor protein to be proteolytically degraded. Make a flow diagram showing the subsequent events that lead to the lytic cycle. (Note: The xis gene codes for an enzyme that is necessary to excise the λ prophage from the E. coli chromosome. The enzyme integrase is also necessary for this excision.)Generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS)cells was first accomplished using retroviral vectors tocarry the OSKM (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and Myc) set of tran-scription regulators into cells. The efficiency of fibroblastreprogramming was typically low (0.01%), in part becauselarge numbers of retroviruses must integrate to bringabout reprogramming and each integration event carrieswith it the risk of inappropriately disrupting or activatinga critical gene. In what other ways, or other forms, do yousuppose you might deliver the OSKM transcription regula-tors so as to avoid these problems?Yeast cells are eukaryotes, and they require a functional secretory pathway to grow and to maintain cellular organization. But surprisingly, when SRP is removed from yeast cells by deleting the relevant genes, the cells are still alive (although they grow slowly). a) How can yeast survive without SRP? Propose two alternative hypotheses. b) How might electron microscopy of normal and SRP-deficient yeast cells help you to distinguish between these two hypotheses?
- Experimentally, when an E. coli bacterium already has a λ prophageintegrated into its chromosome, another λ phage cannot usually infectthe cell and establish the lysogenic or lytic cycle. Based on yourunderstanding of the genetic regulation of the phage λ reproductivecycles, why do you think the other phage would be unsuccessful?Please identify the G2 phase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase of the onion root tip cells. Images included. Thank you! :)A researcher identified a mutation in PR of phage λ that causes itstranscription rate to be increased 10-fold. Do you think this mutationwould favor the lytic or lysogenic cycle? Explain your answer.
- You have identified five genes in S. cerevisiae that are induced when the yeast are grown in a high-salt (NaCl) medium. To study the potential roles of these genes in acclimation to the growth in high-salt conditions, you wish to examine the phenotypes of loss- and gain-of-function alleles of each. How will you do this?With regard to promoting the lytic or lysogenic cycle, what wouldhappen if the following genes were missing from the λ genome?A. croB. cIC. cIID. intE. cII and croSelect all that may apply. What is the purpose of incubating the lambda phage/E.coli mixture at room temperature for 20min? Incubation at room temperature inactivates the cI repressor. During incubation at room temperature the lambda phage will enter the lytic cycle. Incubation at room temperature allows for the absorption of lambda phage Incubation at room temperature will allow the lambda phage to remain in the lysogenic cycle.
- Scientists used a Rat6-Raf transformed cell line for the anchorage-independent growth control experiment. This cell line is transformed with an activated form of Raf. The CP788 drug had no effect on anchorage-dependent growth iwith this cell-line. Explain why this cell line was used as a control in this experiment and why no inhibition of cell growth was observed with CP788Approximately how many genes are necessary for amicrobial cell to have a free-living existence?Were you able to identify a cell undergoing cytokinesis in the onion cell? Why? What extra layer must be formed in an onion cell to separate the daughter cells? please explain well and do not copy from google