Below is the 5’–3’ strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule with the following nucleotide sequences (all belong to an exon): 5’ C C T A T G C A G T G G C C A T A T T C C A A A G C A T A G C 3’ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 2. If the above DNA strand is the template (antisense) strand and the DNA molecule is expressed to produce a protein product, however prior to expression, mutation took place where, a. the 11th base was replaced by Cytosine. Is the amino acid sequence of the synthesized polypeptide chain altered, as compared when there was no mutation? Specify type of mutation in relation to protein function. Is the base substitution a transition or transversion mutation? b. the 2nd base was deleted. Is there an effect in the structure and function of the synthesized protein? Specify type of mutation in relation to protein function. What type of mutation is demonstrated here? c. Thymine is inserted between the 21st and 22nd gene. Is there an effect in the structure and function of the synthesized protein? What type of mutation is demonstrated here?
DNA and RNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is usually called the blueprint of life. Deoxyribose is a monosaccharide that has a key function in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. One less oxygen-containing hydroxyl group occurs in deoxyribose sugar. Nucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, is one of the natural components. Deoxyribonucleic acid is a double-stranded molecule. Watson and Crick postulated the double-stranded model of the helix. A deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecular group that carries and transmits genetic information from parents to offspring. All eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are involved.
DNA as the Genetic Material
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a long polymeric nucleic acid molecule discovered in the late 1930s. It is a polymer; a long chain-like molecule made up of several monomers connected in a sequence. It possesses certain characteristics that qualify it as a genetic component. Certain organisms have different types of nucleic acids as their genetic material - DNA or RNA.
Genetics
The significant branch in science which involves the study of genes, gene variations, and the organism's heredity is known as genetics. It is also used to study the involvement of a gene or set of genes in the health of an individual and how it prevents several diseases in a human being. Thus, genetics also creates an understanding of various medical conditions.
DNA Replication
The mechanism by which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is capable of producing an exact copy of its own is defined as DNA replication. The DNA molecules utilize a semiconservative method for replication.
Below is the 5’–3’ strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule with the following
5’ C C T A T G C A G T G G C C A T A T T C C A A A G C A T A G C 3’
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
2. If the above DNA strand is the template (antisense) strand and the DNA molecule is expressed to produce a protein product, however prior to expression, mutation took place where,
a. the 11th base was replaced by Cytosine. Is the amino acid sequence of the synthesized polypeptide chain altered, as compared when there was no mutation? Specify type of mutation in relation to protein function. Is the base substitution a transition or transversion mutation?
b. the 2nd base was deleted. Is there an effect in the structure and function of the synthesized protein? Specify type of mutation in relation to protein function. What type of mutation is demonstrated here?
c. Thymine is inserted between the 21st and 22nd gene. Is there an effect in the structure and function of the synthesized protein? What type of mutation is demonstrated here?
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