If a particular type of damage/new mutation is going to cause permanent change in a species (carried on through generations), then it must: (select all that apply) Be carried on to offspring using horizontal gene transfer Be found in germline cells Damage an amino acid to alter a protein Arise in somatic cells Be an epigenetic modification Occur on both alleles of a gene Be in an organism that survives long enough to produce offspring Alter the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA

If a particular type of damage/new mutation is going to cause permanent change in a species (carried on through generations), then it must: (select all that apply) Be carried on to offspring using horizontal gene transfer Be found in germline cells Damage an amino acid to alter a protein Arise in somatic cells Be an epigenetic modification Occur on both alleles of a gene Be in an organism that survives long enough to produce offspring Alter the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA

BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305967359

Author:STARR

Publisher:STARR

Chapter10: Control Of Gene Expression

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 15SA: Match the terms with the most suitable description. ___ methylation a. makes a man out of you ___...

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The origin of genes that have new functions often involves the divergence of geneduplicates. Duplicates can arise via severalmechanisms.a. One mechanism of gene duplication is retrotransposition, the insertion into the genomeof DNA produced by reverse transcription ofa messenger RNA. These gene duplicates areoften dead on arrival: they are pseudogenesas soon as they are formed. Why are suchduplicates so often dead on arrival?b. A second mechanism of gene duplicationoccurs via unequal crossing over duringmeiosis. Gene duplicates formed this way arefunctional more often than when they arise byreverse transcription. Why is that?c. If a gene duplicate is initially functional, whatare its possible ultimate fates? Which is mostlikely, and why?
Bacteriophage λ, after infecting a cell, can integrateinto the chromosome of the cell if the repressor protein, cI, binds to and shuts down phage transcriptionimmediately. (A strain containing a bacteriophageDNA integrated into the chromosome is called a lysogen.) The alternative fate is the production of manymore viruses and lysis of the cell. In a mating, a donor strain that is a lysogen was crossed with a lysogenic recipient cell, and no phages were produced.However, when the lysogen donor strain transferredits DNA to a nonlysogenic recipient cell, the recipientcell burst, releasing a new generation of phages. a. Why did the mating with a nonlysogenic recipientresult in phage growth and release, but the infectionof a lysogenic recipient did not?
which is the following is not a step in the process of de novo gene birth? o translated peptides provide some benefit to the orhganism, leading to selection for increased expression. o the open reading frame picks up sequences that enable recognition of its transcribed mRNA by the ribosome. o an open reading frame is created through mutations. o the gene copy number changes as a result of gene duplication to make paralogs.
Which of the following are examples of molecular changes thatcan have an epigenetic effect on gene expression?a. Chromatin remodelingb. Covalent histone modificationc. Localization of histone variantsd. DNA methylatione. Feedback loopsf. All of the above
One complication of making a transgenic animal is that thetransgene might integrate at random into the coding region, orthe regulatory region, of an endogenous gene. What might be theconsequences of such random integrations? How might this complicategenetic analysis of the transgene?
Which of the following mutations would not convert a proto-oncogene into an oncogene? A translocation that places the gene at a new locus where gene expression is increased. A mutation in the coding region that makes the protein resisitant to degradation. Gene duplication. A mutation in the coding region that makes the protein hyperactive. A deletion of an enhancer that lies 3’ to the coding region.
Which of the following is not an example of epigenetic gene regulation?a. genomic imprinting in mammalsb. X-chromosome inactivation in mammalsc. cell differentiation in animals and plantsd. regulation of the lac operon in E. coli via allolactosee. the effects of toxins in cigarette smoke that alter gene expression
Which of the following is a type of genetic change that may producean oncogene?a. Missense mutationb. Gene amplificationc. Chromosomal translocationd. All of the above may produce an oncogene.
Two daughter cells are most likely to inherit which one of the following from the parent cell?A. a change in a nucleotide in mRNAB. a change in a nucleotide in tRNAC. a change in a nucleotide in rRNAD. a change in a nucleotide in DNAE. a change in a protein
Researchers have successfully used gene therapy toameliorate some human genetic diseases by adding anormal gene copy to cells whose genomes originallyhad only nonfunctional mutant copies of that gene.For example, a form of blindness due to the lack of asingle protein called RPE65 has been reversed byintroduction of a normal RPE65 gene to cells of theretina of adults.a. The success of this gene therapy approach providesus with clues about the role of the RPE65 proteinin the retina. Do you think that RPE65 is neededfor the proper development of the human eye?b. Can you see a potential difficulty in applying this genetherapy approach for diseases like microcephaly?
How are expression vectors useful?a) To produce protein productsb) Used for genomic librariesc) Used for chromosome synthesisd) Used for finger printing
Which statement about transposons is INCORRECT? a.A transposon is a small fragment of DNA that can move from one location in a chromosome to another location in the same chromosome. b.Transposon insertion into a gene causes a mutation that can be reversed by removal of the transposon. c.Transposon movement often occurs when the cell is under genomic stress. d.In nature, insertion of a transposon can be deliberately added into a harmful gene to enhance survival.