How Penicillin Was Discovered In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming was studying Staphylococcus bacteria growing in culture dishes. He noticed that a mold called Penicillium was also growing in some of the dishes. A clear area existed around the mold because all the bacteria that had grown in this area had died. In the culture dishes without the mold, no clear areas were present. Fleming hypothesized that the mold must be producing a chemical that killed the bacteria. He decided to isolate this substance and test it to see if it would kill bacteria. Fleming transferred the mold to a nutrient broth solution. This solution contained all the materials the mold needed to grow. After the mold grew, he removed it from the nutrient broth. Fleming then added the nutrient broth in which the mold had grown to a culture of bacteria. He observed that the bacteria died which was later used to develop antibiotics used to treat a variety of diseases. 6. Identify the problem. Staphylococcus bacteria is growing in Culture clishes. 7. What was Fleming's hypothesis? If the moid is added to the Staphylococcus bacteria, then the bacteria wi 8. How was the hypothesis tésted? E: mold added to the bacteria C: the bacteria

How Penicillin Was Discovered In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming was studying Staphylococcus bacteria growing in culture dishes. He noticed that a mold called Penicillium was also growing in some of the dishes. A clear area existed around the mold because all the bacteria that had grown in this area had died. In the culture dishes without the mold, no clear areas were present. Fleming hypothesized that the mold must be producing a chemical that killed the bacteria. He decided to isolate this substance and test it to see if it would kill bacteria. Fleming transferred the mold to a nutrient broth solution. This solution contained all the materials the mold needed to grow. After the mold grew, he removed it from the nutrient broth. Fleming then added the nutrient broth in which the mold had grown to a culture of bacteria. He observed that the bacteria died which was later used to develop antibiotics used to treat a variety of diseases. 6. Identify the problem. Staphylococcus bacteria is growing in Culture clishes. 7. What was Fleming's hypothesis? If the moid is added to the Staphylococcus bacteria, then the bacteria wi 8. How was the hypothesis tésted? E: mold added to the bacteria C: the bacteria

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter13: Early Life Forms And The Viruses

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2CT

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

A recent metagenomic study analyzed the microorganisms present on surfaces within the entire subwaysystem of New York City. The researchers found hundreds of bacterial species in the subway, most of themnonpathogenic. Interestingly, almost half of all DNAfound in the subway matches no known organism.a. The scientists found that different subway stationshad characteristic microbiomes. How might thisobservation be useful to the police?b. Because the majority of the subway DNA that couldbe identified was bacterial, the researchers presumethat most of the DNA fragments that could not bematched to a known organism are bacterial. Why doyou think that so many bacterial species are unknownto us? What feature of these unknown bacteriamight prevent us from studying them?
In a population of cyanobacteria (Chlorogloeopsis fritschii) in a hot spring in Iceland, some of the bacteria can produce chlorophyll f, while some C. fritschii produce only other types of chlorophylls. Chlorophyll f absorbs light outside of the visible light spectrum, namely near infrared light, allowing the bacteria to absorb light that has not been absorbed or reflected by the water or other organisms. The ability to produce chlorophyll f is heritable, and the bacteria with chlorophyll f can live in low-light environments, such as underneath other organisms, or near the bottom of the light-penetrating zone of the spring. What is the adaptation in this population of C. fritschii living in low-light environments? (Choose one.) a) the ability to produce chlorophyll f b) the ability to produce any type of chlorophyll c) the ability to tolerate the high temperatures of the hot spring d) the ability to survive and reproduce
Erwin Chargaff did not have any DNA samples from thermoacidophilic bacteria such as those that thrive in the geothermal (hot) springs of Yellowstone Park. Such bacteria had not been isolated in 1951 when Chargaff reported his results. If he had obtained such a sample, what do you think its relative G-C content might have been? Why?
Considering what you know about molds and yeasts, why do you think that we do not use the same nutrient agar used for bacteria to grow yeasts and molds
In a series of infection experiments, a researcher discovers that the ID50 value for the infectious bacterium Parasiticum mucoides is 2,000, and that the ID50 for another infectious bacterium, Donoteatum thisbacterium, is 150. Given these data, a person exposed to 1,000 bacteria of each type would be more likely to be infected by which bacterium? There is no way to know given the information provided Both infections are equally likely Donoteatum thisbacterium Parasiticum mucoides
In a series of infection experiments, a researcher discovers that the ID50 value for the infectious bacterium Parasiticum mucoides is 100, and that the ID50 for another infectious bacterium, Donoteatum thisbacterium, is 15,000. Given these data, a person exposed to 1,000 bacteria of each type would be more likely to be infected by which bacterium? Group of answer choices There is no way to know given the information provided Both infections are equally likely Parasiticum mucoides Donoteatum thisbacterium
In August 2021, there was a multi-state outbreak of melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, thought to arise from imported products. Burkholderia pseudomallei can be grown in culture. In terms of human health, why might it be critical to grow a pure culture of bacteria?
Describe the lines of proof Robert Koch used to definitivelyassociate the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis with thedisease tuberculosis. How would his proof have been flawedif any of the tools he developed for studying bacterialdiseases had not been available for his study of tuberculosis?
Use the table to answer the question. In 1928, Frederick Griffith injected four groups of mice with different strains of the bacteria, Streptococcus pneumoniae. The smooth strain had a polysaccharide capsule that protected the bacteria from the mouse’s immune system. The rough strain did not have this capsule. The details of each group and the results of the experiment are shown in the table below. Bacteria After injection with bacteria Group 1 smooth strain mice died Group 2 rough strain mice survived Group 3 heat-killed smooth strain mice survived Group 4 rough strain mixed with heat-killed smooth strain mice died Which conclusion about Group 4 is MOST strongly supported by the results of the experiment? A. A virus carried DNA from the smooth strain to the rough strain. B. The rough strain took in DNA from the heat-killed smooth strain. C. The rough strain developed a genetic mutation during binary fission. D. The smooth strain…
Suppose you spilled two cultures of Salmonella typhimur-ium (each containing 100,000 cells) on your lab bench. You im-mediately applied the same disinfectant to both cultures at thesame time. One culture had been freshly grown for 36 hours andthe other culture is 2 weeks old. If the kill ing rate of the disin-fectant is 90% per minute, do you think that microbes in bothcultures will be completely killed after 6 minutes? Why or whynot?
Erythromycin, an antibiotic discovered in 1952 from soil bacterium Saccharopolyspora erythraea, was discovered by a Filipino scientist Abelardo Aguilar. Using schematic diagram, outline the process that led to this
We know that a short duration of UV radiation could kill a large number of the cells. We also know that in the Pure Culture lab a very large number of bacteria existed in the soil. (If we had sampled other environments outside in nature, we would have found plenty of bacteria.) Based on these two pieces of information, explain whether bacteria could survive under sunshine? Give a logical reason.