Bradley did two test PCR experiments with his phage genomic DNA. For one experiment he used G cluster primers and for the other experiment he used B1 cluster primers. After running the PCR reactions on an agarose gel, he saw positive bands in the lanes for both cluster primers. Assuming that he completed the experiment correctly, what is the best explanation for this result? O His phage belongs to both the G and B1 clusters His phage has regions of DNA that are similar to regions found in both G and B1 cluster phages O His phage belongs to neither the G nor the B1 cluster
Q: 2. An ecologist spent a year studying the population dynamics of a species of duck on a lake. At the…
A: Introduction Migration, in ecology, is the seasonal movement of animals from one habitat to another…
Q: 6. Describe transcription, include the following terms: mRNA, RNA polymerase, promoter, template…
A: "Transcription" and "Translation" are two important processes that take place inside the cell for…
Q: Macroevolution deals with the evolution of new species that takes place over long periods of time…
A: Macroevolution is a word that relates to evolution that occurs above the level of a single species.…
Q: ncements es w-Hill ct S core FON # 00 F3 Question 4 72 $ Which of the following things is/are true…
A: Introduction :- The majority of the species in the Chordata phylum are vertebrates, or animals with…
Q: A carton of milk, under the right conditions, will undergo ___ type of succession.
A: Introduction Succession:- It is the change in either species composition, structure, or architecture…
Q: (iii) Based on the double-stranded DNA sequence of terminator, draw the structure of hairpin loop…
A: Hairpin loop structure It is the secondary structure of mRNA where the complementary base pairing…
Q: (1) List and briefly explain four methods of studying an E-S complex. (2) (a) Which fluorogenic…
A: The four methods for studying the enzyme substrate complex are: 1.An enzyme and a substrate located…
Q: During a crossover event, more nonrecombinant than recombinant gametes will be produced. O True O…
A: Introduction Crossing over refers to the exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes that…
Q: In regards to HIV resistance allele and the incidence of AIDS is a population, answer the following:…
A: Genetic mutation is the alternation in the DNA composition in an organism which can result due to…
Q: You would like to design a method to treat the most common mutation that causes sickle cell anemia…
A: Precise genome editing is a potential technique for discovering causative genetic variations and…
Q: 2. For an SLR disease trait, in a parental cross where the male is unaffected and female is…
A: The most frequent kind of lupus is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is an autoimmune illness…
Q: 14. READ CAREFULLY!!! From the list below, circle the one that is a +/+ relationship, put a star…
A: Members of different populations or species often interact i.e., effect each other in various ways…
Q: Which of the following statements is FALSE? Toxicity is most likely to happen when taking daily…
A: A vitamin is essentially an organic material (or a group of molecules chemically linked, i.e.…
Q: A SNP marker is found linked to the cystic fibrosis gene. Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive…
A: Cystic fibrosis follows autosonal recessive inheritance. This means that both the alleles should be…
Q: Short Answer 1. A. You are crossing bunnies. The haplotype of a female bunny, Poppy, is as shown in…
A: The independent assortment of genes states that the alleles of different genes are assortment…
Q: Loop diuretics promote diuresis by - decreasing the osmolarity of the renal medulla inhibiting an…
A: Medicines that enhance flow of urine are known as diuretics (cause diuresis). Loop diuretics…
Q: Dinitrophenol (DNP) is a lipid soluble H+ binding drug that equalizes the H+ concentration across…
A: dinitrophenol is essentially an organic molecule with the formula HOC6H3(NO2)2. It's a pleasant,…
Q: 12. When 2 unpalatable or harmful species mimic each other, this is called? a. Mertensian mimicry .…
A: Mimicry and warning coloration are general forms of defensive nature exhibited by organisms.…
Q: 10. In class we discussed 3 types of plant and animal defenses (not mimicry), name one and give an…
A: Introduction Mimicry is a developed connection between an organism and another thing, usually…
Q: Decreased osmolarity in the renal interstitium and vasa recta results in - (Mark Two) decreased…
A: The regulation of water concentration in the body is mediated by a hormone called vasoppresin or ADH…
Q: create a single illustration that will interrelate or link the two opposing pathways, the…
A: Answer :- The glycogenesis synthesis of glycogen from glucose in liver and muscles is known as…
Q: Pyruvate kinase, a glycolysis enzyme
A:
Q: 26. Is pyruvate being oxidized or reduced during stage 2? How can you tell? (What do you see in this…
A: NOTE: Since you have posted a question with multiple subparts so we will be solving the first three…
Q: 12. When 2 unpalatable or harmful species mimic each other, this is called? a. Mertensian mimicry .…
A: Mimicry refers to the superficial resemblance of two or more organisms that are not closely related.…
Q: The 20th century would witness the new anti-biotic revolution that would save millions of lives.…
A: INTRODUCTION Antibiotics are drugs that are used to treat bacterial illnesses in humans and animals.…
Q: ic Variation and Evolution Mastery Quiz ay 2 at 2:40pm Instructions Question 1 1 pts In Mendel's…
A: In monohybrid cross of Mendel's experiments : Dominant = TT Heterozygote = Tt Recessive = tt
Q: please can you help me Discuss how the major endocrine glands and the hormones they produce…
A: Endocrine glands are the ductless glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.
Q: Net effects of Epinephrine is increase BP, HR, CO, coronary constraction, and decrease body…
A: Epinephrine, popularly known as adrenaline, is secreted by the medulla of the adrenal glands. The…
Q: 1. How do clams open and close their shells? 2. How does a clam draw water into its mantle cavity?…
A: Clams are bivalves that spend most of their time lying on the seafloor. When frightened, a clam uses…
Q: AAUCCCAAU ITTAGGGTTAGGGTTAGGGTTAGGGTTAGGGTTAGGG-W' JAATCCCAATCCCAATCCCAA-X' Figure 3 (i) Label the…
A: Telomeres are the structures(caps) that are present at the end of the chromosomes, their fhbction is…
Q: Define epigenetic inheritance
A: Epignetic markers in the cell occurs in the form of DNA methylation, histone tail modifications like…
Q: Gonorrhea is a sexually transmissible disease (STD) caused by the bacterium Neiserria gonorrhoeae.…
A: Gonorrhea has been recognized as a sexually transmitted infection (STI) for centuries and, since the…
Q: Define death in physiological terms.
A: Death is condition which indicated by permanent stoppage of heart, reapiration, and brain…
Q: In most populations, population size remain near the carrying capacity as long as limiting factors…
A: Limiting resources are considered as the carrying capacity for any population.
Q: 3. Frank weighs 112 kg and John weighs 56 kg. Both are exposed to 5 may of gamma radiation. Do they…
A: Gamma rays are the highest-energy electromagnetic radiation with the shortest wavelength. The…
Q: ATP synthase is a protein that catalyzes the formation of the energy storage molecule adenosine…
A: Given: ATP synthase is the protein that catalyzes the formation of the energy storage molecule…
Q: Gibberellins acts in concert with _______________ to promote stem elongation
A: Plant hormones or phytohormons are released from specialised tissue in the plants and responsible…
Q: How does we know that trees or plants are transpiring base on your experiment?
A: The physiological process by which water is lost in the form of vapour from the living tissues of…
Q: How are selection and mutation used in biotechnology?
A: In biology, the preferred survival and reproduction of individuals with specific genotypes (genetic…
Q: In certain regions, monk seals overturn rocks to catch prey underneath. But nearby sharks often…
A: Introduction Ecological interactions:- It is the relationship between two different or the same…
Q: For one ribosome-specific antibiotic, identify the specific step in translation that it blocks?
A: Drugs that are used to treat microbial infections are commonly referred to as antimicrobial agents.…
Q: What is the role of lactic acid? It is converted to pyruvic acid through glycolysis. It is a…
A: Introduction Lactic acid is an integral part of the human body, it is is a chemical byproduct of…
Q: You want to test if oxygen consumption rates are different in males and females of a newly…
A: solution---- The maximal oxygen consumption rate (VO2 max) is a measure of how much oxygen is used…
Q: of
A: The main purpose to do homogenization of the milk is to break the large fat globules and then create…
Q: 7. Your tire blew out on the way coming to this exam. What would your hypothesis for the cause of…
A: A hypothesis is built to determine the effect of a change on a particular occurrence. Hence, in this…
Q: In corn plants, the allele for purple kernel (P) is dominant over the allele for yellow…
A: Given - Allele for purple kernel - P Allele for yellow kernel - p Allele for smooth kernel - S…
Q: (a). What is the role of calcium ions and troponin during contraction in striated muscles of hum
A: Introduction - Myofibrils, which contain a specialised protein (myoglobin) and chemicals to deliver…
Q: How much tension must be developed by the erector spinae with a moment arm of 6 cm from the L5-S1…
A: Suppose, Segment consider as S Head (S1) , trunk (S2), arm (S3) and box (S4) Moment arm consider…
Q: Argosomes 1234 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. Cytonemes
A: Apart from the major constituents of signalling, there are a number of accessory parts that helps in…
Q: Direction: Explain the following in paragraph form consists of at least five sentences Stomates…
A: The evaporation of water in the form of water vapour through the stomata is called transpiration.…
Please help a bit confused
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- In a generalized-transduction experiment, phages arecollected from an E. coli donor strain of genotype cys+leu+ thr+ and used to transduce a recipient of genotypecys- leu- thr-. Initially, the treated recipient populationis plated on a minimal medium supplemented with leucine and threonine. Many colonies are obtained.a. What are the possible genotypes of these colonies?b. These colonies are then replica plated onto threedifferent media: (1) minimal plus threonine only, (2)minimal plus leucine only, and (3) minimal. Whatgenotypes could, in theory, grow on these three media?c. Of the original colonies, 56 percent are observed togrow on medium 1, 5 percent on medium 2, and nocolonies on medium 3. What are the actual genotypes ofthe colonies on media 1, 2, and 3?d. Draw a map showing the order of the three genes andwhich of the two outer genes is closer to the middle geneIn Hershey-Chase experiment, bacteriophages protein coats were tagged with radioactive isotope S-32. These phages were used to infect E. coli cells and the cells were further centrifuged to form pellets. Why was the radioactivity level of S-32 found greater outside the cells compared to the E. coli cell pellets? Explain briefly. If the experiment is repeated in the same manner but this time the phage protein coats are labelled with isotope X and the phage DNA with isotope Y, which isotope’s radioactivity will be found in greater amounts in the E. coli cell pellets after centrifugation? Explain briefly.By conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the order of many bacterialgenes. Throughout the course of their studies, they identified severaldifferent Hfr strains in which the F-factor DNA had been integratedat different places along the bacterial chromosome. A sample oftheir experimental results is shown in the following table: A. E xplain how these results are consistent with the idea that thebacterial chromosome is circular.B. Draw a map of the bacterial chromosome that shows the orderof genes and the locations of the origins of transfer among thesedifferent Hfr strains.
- Austin Taylor and Edward Adelberg isolated some new strains of Hfr cells that they then used to map several genes in E. coli by using interrupted conjugation . In one experiment, they mixed cells of Hfr strain AB-312, which were xyl+ mtl+ mal+ met+ and sensitive to phage T6, with F− strain AB-531, which was xyl− mtl− mal− met− and resistant to phage T6. The cells were allowed to undergo conjugation. At regular intervals, the researchers removed a sample of cells and interrupted conjugation by killing the Hfr cells with phage T6. The F− cells, which were resistant to phage T6, survivedand were then tested for the presence of genes transferred from the Hfr strain. The results of this experiment are shown in the accompanying graph. On the basis of these data, give the order of the xyl, mtl, mal, and met genes on the bacterial chromosome and indicate the minimum distances between them.Austin Taylor and Edward Adelberg isolated some new strains of Hfr cells that they then used to map several genes in Escherichia coli by using interrupted conjugation. In one experiment, the researchers mixed cells of Hfr strain AB‑312, which were xyl+ mtl+ mal+ met+ and sensitive to phage T6, with F− strain AB‑531, which was xyl− mtl− mal− met− and resistant to phage T6. The cells were allowed to undergo conjugation. At regular intervals, the researchers removed a sample of cells and interrupted conjugation by killing the Hfr cells with phage T6. The F− cells, which were resistant to phage T6, survived and were then tested for the presence of genes transferred from the Hfr strain. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph. On the basis of these data, give the order of the xyl, mtl, mal, and met genes on the bacterial chromosome and the minimum distances between them in minutes. The origin of transfer is represented by the red triangle. The distances between genes are not…In the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages, which of the fol-lowing is true?(a) Lysogeny is the term applied to a temperate phage thatdoes not replicate itself independently and does not lysethe bacterial host cell.(b) Phage DNA is incorporated into the host bacterium’sDNA, at which time it is called a prophage.(c) Temperate phages can be replicated either as a pro-phage along with bacterial chromosomal replicationor can suddenly revert to the lytic cycle by replicatingthemselves and assembling into new phages.(d) All the above are true.(e) a and c only.
- A group of genetics students mix two auxotrophic strains of bacteria: one is leu+ trp+ his− met− and the other is leu− trp− his+ met+. After mixing the two strains, they plate the bacteria on minimal medium and observe a few prototrophic colonies (leu+ trp+ his+ met+). They assume that some gene transfer has taken place between the two strains. How can they determine whether the transfer of genes is due to conjugation, transduction, or transformation?By conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the order of many bacterialgenes. Throughout the course of their studies, they identified severaldifferent Hfr strains in which the F-factor DNA had been integratedat different places along the bacterial chromosome. A sample of theirexperimental results is shown in the table:Draw a map that shows the order of genes and the locations ofthe origins of transfer among these different Hfr strains?In E. coli, the gene bioD+ encodes an enzyme involved in biotin synthesis, and galK+ encodes an enzyme involved in galactose utilization. An E. coli strain that contained wild-type versions of both genes was infected with P1 phage, and then a P1 lysate was obtained. This lysate was used totransduce (infect) a strain that was bioD− and galK−. The cellswere plated on a medium containing galactose as the sole carbonsource for growth to select for transduction of the galK+ gene.This medium also was supplemented with biotin. The resultingcolonies were then restreaked on a medium that lacked biotin tosee if the bioD+ gene had been cotransduced. The following resultswere obtained:What information do you know based onthe question and your understanding of the topic?
- In E. coli, the gene bioD+ encodes an enzyme involved in biotin synthesis, and galK+ encodes an enzyme involved in galactose utilization. An E. coli strain that contained wild-type versions of both genes was infected with P1 phage, and then a P1 lysate was obtained. This lysate was used totransduce (infect) a strain that was bioD− and galK−. The cellswere plated on a medium containing galactose as the sole carbonsource for growth to select for transduction of the galK+ gene.This medium also was supplemented with biotin. The resultingcolonies were then restreaked on a medium that lacked biotin tosee if the bioD+ gene had been cotransduced. The following resultswere obtained:What topic in genetics does this question address?Imagine that you are a student in Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase’s lab in the late 1940s. You are given five test tubes containing E. Coli bacteria infected with T2 bacteriophages that have been labeled with either 32P or 35S. Unfortunately, you forget to mark the tubes and are now uncertain about which tubes is which. You performed their blender experiment and got the following results. Which tube out of these 5 contains E. Coli infected with 32P-labeled phage? Explain your answer.E. coli cells are simultaneously infected with two strains of phage λ. One strain has a mutant host range, is temperature sensitive, and produces clear plaques (genotype h st c); another strain carries the wildtype alleles (genotype h+ st+ c+). Progeny phages are collected from the lysed cells and are plated on bacteria. The following numbers of different progeny phages are obtained: Progeny phage genotype Number of plaques h+ c+ st+ 321 h c st 338 h+ c st 26 h c+ st+ 30 h+ c st+ 106 h c+ st 110 h+ c+ st 5 h c st+ 6 a. Determine the order of the three genes on the phage chromosome. b. Determine the map distances between the genes. c. Determine the coefficient of coincidence and the interference