Q: Discuss how polygenic inheritance makes possible manyvariations of a trait.
A: Sir Gregor Mendel was a priest and a teacher who did the famous hybridization experiment on garden…
Q: Define loss-of-function allele and explain why such allelesare useful to study.
A: A mutation that causes a gene or allele product to be totally inactive is loss of function mutation.…
Q: Summarize how to identify an X-linked trait from anautosomal trait.
A: DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material that the organism inherits from the parental…
Q: Summarize the environmental factors that may influencepolygenic traits such as height and skin color
A: Traits that are controlled by more than one gene or multiple genes are called polygenic traits. The…
Q: Representation of pedigree analysis of autosomal dominant traits?
A: Introduction Pedigree Analysis: this is the new approach to study the inheritance pattern in the…
Q: Definesome of the statistical techniques used to study quantitative inheritance & multifactorial…
A: Multifactorial inheritance alludes to disorders brought about by various qualities and natural…
Q: Define the characteristic of a polygenic trait ?
A: Polygenic traits: Syllabified meaning:~ Polygenic: 'multiple genes' /…
Q: Describe how traits can exhibit incomplete penetrance and vary in their expressivity.
A: Some features are the product of the interplay of different genes and can also be impacted by their…
Q: Briefly explain the polygenic inheritance ?
A: Inheritance is the transmission of attributes or information from one generation or cell to the…
Q: Explain the Multiple-Gene Hypothesis for Quantitative Inheritance ?
A: Inheritance can be defined as the process where one class acquires the properties along with the…
Q: Explain the difference between variable penetrance and variable expressivity.
A: Penetrance alludes to the likelihood of a quality or attribute being communicated. Sometimes,…
Q: Define about the risk for imprinting errors (epimutations) caused by the manipulation of gametes ?
A: Epigenetics of gametes is critical for the overall development of the progeny. It is studied under…
Q: Explain how continuous traits, like human height and skin color, are controlled by multiple alleles…
A: Phylogenic trait is something that is controlled by multiple genes like at least three genes. The…
Q: Explain the potential influence of the environment on phenotypic expression and cite an example.
A: Genes are the functional units of heredity. Genes also contain information which is converted to…
Q: Describe how interactions and associations between genotypeand environmental factors may affect…
A: The genotype refers to the sum total of all of its genes present in a living organism. Phenotype…
Q: Explain the role of environmental factors in the production of phenotypes ?
A: Phenotype is defined as the observable physical properties and features of an organism that will…
Q: Briefly describe how twin studies can reveal whether or not the appearance of a trait is strongly…
A: Studies on identical or fraternal twins are known as twin studies. They want to show how…
Q: List and explain the 5 modes of inheritance in pedigree analysis
A: Genetic disorders are caused by changes in the genetic instructions. There are many different ways…
Q: Show how to Determining if an individual is homozygousdominant or heterozygous for two traits. ?
A: A gene is a unit of hereditary arranged in thousands on the double-stranded helical genetic material…
Q: Describe and give examples of how genes and theenvironment determine traits.
A: In the various experiments done by Mendel on pea plant traits, he proposed that something was being…
Q: Define wild-type allele and genetic polymorphism
A: WILD TYPE ALLELE;- The allele that encodes the phenotype most common in a particular natural…
Q: Explain the characteristics of polygenic and multifactorial traits.
A: Genetic is the branch of science that deals with genetic material like genome, genes, DNA, and…
Q: Explain the Pedigree Analysis and Genetic Disorders ?
A: Genetics is a part of science worried about the investigation of genes, genetic variety, and…
Q: Relate the basic principles of genetics to the inheritance of human traits.
A: DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double-stranded helical genetic material found in the nucleus of…
Q: Explain single locus inheritance and give example
A: Genetic inheritance: This mainly takes place because of the transfer of genetic material from…
Q: How can pedigree studies help the inheritance/avoidance/incidence of human diseases? Give an example
A: Introduction Pedigree Analysis: This is the new approach to study the inheritance pattern in the…
Q: Explain why a loss or an excess in genetic material leads to the expression of an abnormal…
A: Each cell in the body has chromosomes, which are stick-shaped organelles in the centre. Each cell…
Q: How do we know that threshold traits are actually polygenic even though they may have as few as two…
A: In many polygenic traits, the continuous phenotypic distribution results from an incremental…
Q: Describe the roles genetics and the environment play in determiningphenotypes
A: A “phenotype” is such a character of someone that an individual can observe from outside. Genes…
Q: Explain the effect of each gene on a trait is independent of the effects of other genes ?
A: it states that each gene in a pair is distributed independently during the process of gamete…
Q: What is polygenic inheritance? Discuss the issues that make polygenicinheritance difficult to study.
A: A polygene is a member of non epistatic genes group.It interacts to influence a phenotypic…
Q: Illustrate Many Extensions to Mendel’s View of Single-Gene Inheritance?
A: Mendel studied traits in pea plants with the maximum effective mode of inheritance. The inheritance…
Q: What are the causes of pedigree analysis?
A: Genetics is the branch of Biology dealing with the study of genes including their structure,…
Q: define the term derived allele
A: Genetics is the branch of biology, which deals with the study of genes, their pattern of…
Q: Distinguish between the genotype and phenotype of a given genetic trait.
A: A genetic trait is the feature of a living being that is regulated by genes.
Q: Elaborate on the importance of mitotic and meiotic divisions in the transmission of traits
A: Meiosis is the kind of cell division that makes egg and sperm cells. Mitosis is a fundamental cycle.…
Q: Discuss how genomic imprinting can be inferred from inheritance patterns in human pedigrees.
A: Genomic imprinting is defined as the process in which a gene or genomic domain is biochemically…
Q: Define late-onset genetic trait
A: Genes are the basic structural and functional units of heredity. They are composed of…
Q: QUANTITATIVE Recall that hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disease. If a woman with hemophilia had…
A: Haemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait and shows transmission from a normal carrier female…
Q: Describe how different alleles produce different phenotypes
A: A variable form of a gene is known as an allele. Some genes exist in several distinct versions, all…
Q: Explain how genomic imprinting influences inheritance patterns.
A: Introduction:- The ability of a gene to be expressed in genomic imprinting is determined by the sex…
Q: How do geneticist normally tell whether an organism exhibiting a dominant phenotype is homozygous or…
A: The alleles are the alternative forms of a gene that are located on the same locus of a homologous…
Q: Explain how a comparison of concordance in monozygotic and dizygotic twins can be used to determine…
A: The reproduction can be defined as the process of production of offspring by the parents. The…
Q: Identify genetic terms and basic principles of genetics as applied to blood groups, sex-linkage, and…
A: Blood groups Genetics These are inherited from both parents. The ABO gene controls the blood type.…
Q: Explain some of the ways genes may interact to affect the phenotype and discuss how a single gene…
A: ANSWER: Some of the ways by which genes may interact to affect the phenotype are mentioned below:…
Q: Explain how you would go about determining therelative importance of genes and the environment…
A: Diabetes is a human disease that increases thirst and dilutes the urine. This disease occurs rarely…
Q: Explain Using temperature-sensitive alleles for time-of-function analysis?
A: Alleles are the alternate forms of the same gene. The sequences of these forms are slightly…
Briefly explain how the number of genes influencing a polygenic trait can be determined.
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- Explain how you would go about determining therelative importance of genes and the environment forvariation in risk for a complex trait such as type 2 diabetes.Describe why there is a fundamental difference between the expression of a trait that is determined by polygenes and the expression of a trait that is determined monogenetically.Explain some of the ways genes may interact to affect the phenotype and discuss how a single gene can affect many features of the organism simultaneously.
- Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you decide to have a child if the test results said that you carry the mutation for breast and ovarian cancer? The heart disease mutation? The TSD mutation? The heart disease and the mutant alleles?Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you want to know the results of the cancer, heart disease, and TSD tests if you were Sarah and Adam? Is it their responsibility as potential parents to gather this type of information before they decide to have a child?Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. If Sarah carries the mutant cancer allele and Adam carries the mutant heart disease allele, what is the chance that they would have a child who is free of both diseases? Are these good odds?