How do we know that threshold traits are actually polygenic even though they may have as few as two discrete phenotypic classes?

Q: Which of the following is an example of how genotype and environmental factors can work together to…

A: The phenotypic expression is basically guided by the genotypic composition of an individual. however…

Q: What is the mathematical expression of the genetic equilibrium for genes with two alleles? Is this…

A: The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a standard expressing that the hereditary variety in a populace…

Q: What characteristics do you expect to see in a trait that exhibits anticipation?

A: The trait is a characteristic feature of an organism which is present in an inherent form in a…

Q: Which of the following statements about complex traits is/are TRUE?       Twin studies help to…

A: Introduction  Complex traits are also known as quantitative traits. Complex traits donot follow…

Q: Definesome of the statistical techniques used to study quantitative inheritance & multifactorial…

A: Multifactorial inheritance alludes to disorders brought about by various qualities and natural…

Q: Which of the following can help explain how continuous variation in a trait can arise from…

A: The biological theory that was proposed by Sir. Gregor Mendel, defining the laws of inheritance and…

Q: Compare and contrast polygenic and multifactorial traits.

A: Polygenic and multifactorial traits are two modes of inheritance patterns found in nature with or…

Q: How geneticists assess the relative importance of genetic versus environmental factors contributing…

A: The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary unit of an organism. The DNA is located in the…

Q: What is the difference between and Genotypic Trait and a Phenotypic Trait. What do each of them…

A: Genetic material is nothing but the sequence of nucleic acids which is called as DNA. It contains…

Q: How can we determine how many polygenes are involved in the inheritance of a quantitative trait?…

A: The polygenic inheritance is the trait (phenotype) that is controlled by more than one genes.…

Q: Why do polygenic characteristics have many phenotypes?

A: by and large, most of the traits are controlled by only one gene ie one gene is responsible for only…

Q: How do we know whether an organism expressing a dominant trait is homozygous or heterozygous?

A: Genetics is a branch of the biology involved in the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity…

Q: Why is the variance larger for a BC1 population compared to an F1 population?

A: "Inheritance" is the process through which a child gets genetic information from his or her parents.…

Q: a. What is a complex trait? How many genes do we expect to affect a complex trait? b. How linkage…

A: Hi, thank you for your question. Since we are entitled to answer only one question at a time, I…

Q: Describe how interactions and associations between genotypeand environmental factors may affect…

A: The genotype refers to the sum total of all of its genes present in a living organism. Phenotype…

Q: how do i know the genotypic ratio and phenotypic ratio after crossing Bb and Bb

A: The genotype of an organism refers to the genetic makeup whereas the phenotype is the observable…

Q: Why is the narrow-sense heritability more useful to plant and animal breeders than broad sense…

A: Chromosomes  are present in the nucleus of the cell. These chromosomes have a number. The sum total…

Q: What are the similarities and the differences between codominance and incomplete dominance? What are…

A: Codominance and Incomplete dominance are two kinds of hereditary inheritance. Codominance basically…

Q: What does a heritability score tell us about HOW genes and environment interact in an individual to…

A: Heritability is the measure of how well differences in peoples genes account for differences in…

Q: List all the components that contribute to the phenotypic variance and define each component.

A: Phenotypic variance is denoted by the symbol ‘Vp’ Phenotypic variance is used to calculate the…

Q: Determine whether the piebald spotting trait in the given problem is a dominant or recessive trait.

A: Gene is that the basic unit of inheritance that's accountable for providing all the physical and…

Q: What is the difference between broad-sense heritability and narrow-sense heritability? Why is…

A: Heritability is defined as the amount of phenotype variance within a population due to the genetic…

Q: what are the reasons for the occurence of codominance and incomplete dominance traits?

A: Codominance is a term that refers to the link between two variants of a gene. Individuals inherit…

Q: If the frequency of those exhibiting a monogenic autosomal recessive phenotype caused by only one…

A: The gene is present on the autosome. It is an autosomal recessive trait.

Q: For four bi-allelic loci of a quantitative trait, how many possible phenotypes and genotypes are…

A: Genetics is the study of heredity, variations, and the factors responsible for variation and this…

Q: Draw the expected phenotypic variance of a trait encoded by 5 genes with 25% environmental variance…

A: For any entity produced by both genetic and environmental variations, phenotypic variation, the…

Q: If the frequency of those exhibiting a monogenic autosomal recessive phenotype caused by only one…

A: Chromosomes are thread like structure present in the cell of organisms. There are two types of…

Q: Define the following: additive alleles ?

A: Genes are the segments of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that contain genetic information.  This…

Q: Why would you expect to see a phenotypic variance greater than zero for these genetically identical…

A: Practically the phenotypic differences among the individuals in a population can be attributed to…

Q: Briefly describe the polygenic threshold theory.

A: As per the honor code, we answer only one question at a time, therefore, we are answering the first…

Q: What are some reasons why a single trait might notshow a 3 : 1 ratio of phenotypes in the F2…

A: Crossing over is the process of exchanging the genetic material in germ line.

Q: What is a quantitative trait locus (QTL)? Does a QTL contain onegene or multiple genes? What…

A: The main purpose of QTL mapping is to localize chromosomal regions that significantly affect the…

Q: What is the mathematical expression for the genetic equilibrium for genes with two alleles? Is this…

A: The situation of an allele or genotypes in a genetic pool (such as a community) in which the…

Q: What are the causes of phenotypic variation

A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…

Q: Briefly outline some of the ways in which heritability can be calculated.

A: Heritability is defined as the amount of observable variation (phenotypic variation) in a given…

Q: In a population where only the total number of individuals with the dominant phenotype is known, how…

A: The Hardy-Weinberg theory states that a population maintains its genetic equilibrium until…

Q: What are the Effects of phenotypic variation

A: Phenotypic variations are nothing but expressions of genotypic variations. These variations arise as…

Q: Two genes can interact in which several ways to determine a single trait?

A: Genetic Interaction – The process in which two or more genes interact with each other in order to…

Q: Explain the relationship among phenotypic variance, geneticvariance, and environmental variance…

A: Variance is defined as difference between two or more cells, organisms, their genotype, phenotype,…

Q: Figure 19-11 shows the expected distributions for thethree genotypic classes if the B locus is a QTL…

A: Not all of the genetic variation that resulted from genetic differences will be inherited by the…

Q: How heritable are these traits?

A: Heritability refers to how effectively genetic variations explain for variances in people's…

Q: If there are five alleles at a locus, how many genotypes can there be at this locus? How many…

A: BASIC DEFINITIONS GENE  We can say it is the functional unit of heredity. DNA or RNA constitutes…

Q: Why was Mendel’s success dependent on his studying characteristics that exhibit only two easily…

A: Sir Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants (Pisum sativum) set the tone for and established the…

Q: What is a Mendelian population? How is the gene pool of a Mendelian population usually described?

A: Gregor Johann Mendel was an Austrian geneticist and known as the father of modern genetics. He…

Q: Explain the component of phenotypic and genotypic variances

A: Phenotype : physical characteristics Genotype : genetic constitution in the form of allelic…

Q: In instances of true dominance-recessiveness, why are the homozygous recessive organisms valuable…

A: An allele of a gene may be dominant or recessive.

Q: What is the importance of the comparison of traits between adopted and natural children in…

A: A trait is a specific characteristic of an individual or organism. The genetic contribution to a…

Q: What is a Sex-Linked Trait? Why are they noted differently than other alleles when completing…

A: A sex-linked trait is a trait whose alleles are present on the sex chromosomes.

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.