Buggs-Off Corporation produces and sells a line of mosquito repellants that are sold usually all year round. The product sells at $100 per box. The following cost data has been prepared for its estimated upper and lower limits of activity for the year ended December 31, 2020. Lower Limit Upper Limit Production (# of boxes) 4,000 6,000 Production Costs: Direct Materials …………………… $60,000 $90,000 Direct Labour ………………………. 80,000 120,000 Overhead: Indirect Materials…………... 25,000 37,500 Indirect Labour ……………. 40,000 50,000 Depreciation ………………. 20,000 20,000 Selling & Administrative Expenses: Sales Salaries ……………………… 50,000 65,000 Office Salaries ……………………… 30,000 30,000 Advertising ………………………….. 45,000 45,000 Other …………………………………………. __15,000 __20,000 Total $365,000 $477,500 Required: a) Classify each cost element as either fixed, variable, or mixed b) Calculate: i) the variable production cost per unit and the total fixed production overhead. ii) The total variable cost per unit and the total fixed costs Hint: Use the high-low method to separate mixed costs into their fixed and variable components. (c) Assuming sales of 5,000 units, prepare a contribution margin income statement for the year ended December 31, 2020, detailing the components of total variable costs and total fixed costs, and clearly showing contribution and net income.
Process Costing
Process costing is a sort of operation costing which is employed to determine the value of a product at each process or stage of producing process, applicable where goods produced from a series of continuous operations or procedure.
Job Costing
Job costing is adhesive costs of each and every job involved in the production processes. It is an accounting measure. It is a method which determines the cost of specific jobs, which are performed according to the consumer’s specifications. Job costing is possible only in businesses where the production is done as per the customer’s requirement. For example, some customers order to manufacture furniture as per their needs.
ABC Costing
Cost Accounting is a form of managerial accounting that helps the company in assessing the total variable cost so as to compute the cost of production. Cost accounting is generally used by the management so as to ensure better decision-making. In comparison to financial accounting, cost accounting has to follow a set standard ad can be used flexibly by the management as per their needs. The types of Cost Accounting include – Lean Accounting, Standard Costing, Marginal Costing and Activity Based Costing.
Buggs-Off Corporation produces and sells a line of mosquito repellants that are sold usually all year round. The product sells at $100 per box. The following cost data has been prepared for its estimated upper and lower limits of activity for the year ended December 31, 2020. Lower Limit Upper Limit Production (# of boxes) 4,000 6,000 Production Costs: Direct Materials …………………… $60,000 $90,000 Direct Labour ………………………. 80,000 120,000 Overhead: Indirect Materials…………... 25,000 37,500 Indirect Labour ……………. 40,000 50,000
Required:
a) Classify each cost element as either fixed, variable, or mixed
b) Calculate: i) the variable production cost per unit and the total fixed production overhead. ii) The total variable cost per unit and the total fixed costs Hint: Use the high-low method to separate mixed costs into their fixed and variable components.
(c) Assuming sales of 5,000 units, prepare a contribution margin income statement for the year ended December 31, 2020, detailing the components of total variable costs and total fixed costs, and clearly showing contribution and net income.
d) Assuming sales of 5,000 units, calculate Buggs-Off break-even point and margin of safety in units and sales dollars.
e) Recompute the break-even point in units, assuming that variable costs increased by 20% and fixed costs are reduced by $50,625. How will this impact the margin of safety ratio?
f) The President of Buggs-Off is under pressure from shareholders to increase operating income by 20% in 2021. Management expects per unit data and total fixed costs to remain the same in 2021. Using the equation method, compute the number of units that would have to be sold in 2021 to reach the shareholders desired profit level. Is this a realistic goal?
g) Briefly explain the impact of each of the following scenarios on the contribution margin per unit and the break-even point: (i) Sales volume increases (ii) Total fixed cost decreases (iii) Selling price per unit increases (iv) Variable cost per unit increases
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