Help with parts C and D 1.1: Gravity affects the cardiovascular system, particularly in tall animals like giraffes. The challenges these animals faceinclude supplying enough blood to the brain and dealing with excessive fluid pressures in organs below the heart. Theregulation of cardiac function and blood vessel tone is crucial in maintaining perfusion pressures in different parts of theirbodies. While humans also experience gravity's effects on their cardiovascular system, giraffes face more significantchallenges due to their exceptional height. Giraffe blood has a specific density of 1.055 g/mL.a) A giraffe is standing upright, and its head is located 4 meters above the ground. What is the difference in bloodpressure between the giraffe's head and its heart? Assume the giraffe's heart is located at a height of 2 metersabove the ground and no viscous pressure losses.b) A giraffe is drinking water from a stream, and its head is located 2 meters below the level of its heart. If thegiraffe's arterial blood pressure is 200 mm Hg at the level of the heart, what is the arterial blood pressure in itshead and what is the change in wall tension relative to when the head is located standing up? (Based on a quickinternet search, make assumptions about dimensions of blood vessels)c) A giraffe is lying down, and its feet are located at the same level as its heart. If the arterial blood pressure in thegiraffe's heart is 200 mm Hg, what is the arterial blood pressure in its toes, located 3 meters below the level of itsheart?d) A giraffe is standing upright, and its kidneys are located 1.5 meters below the level of its heart. If the arterialblood pressure in the giraffe's heart is 200 mm Hg, what is the arterial blood pressure in its kidneys? Assume thegiraffe's kidneys are located directly below its heart.e)How much does the renal artery need to constrict/dilate to preserve the sample flow to the kidneys when thegiraffe head is up eating or drinking water?f)Plot (sketch) the changes in wall tension for arteries and veins the giraffe' head, toes, and heart? Assume thegiraffe pressure losses between the arterioles and venules is 60 mm Hg.

The hydrostatic pressure equation is given by the formula ; P= ρgh ; where P = pressure at…

c) A giraffe is lying down, and its feet are located at the same level as its heart. If the arterial blood pressure in the giraffe's heart is 200 mm Hg, what is the arterial blood pressure in its toes, located 3 meters below the level of its heart? d) A giraffe is standing upright, and its kidneys are located 1.5 meters below the level of its heart. If the arterial blood pressure in the giraffe's heart is 200 mm Hg, what is the arterial blood pressure in its kidneys? Assume the giraffe's kidneys are located directly below its heart.

c) A giraffe is lying down, and its feet are located at the same level as its heart. If the arterial blood pressure in the giraffe's heart is 200 mm Hg, what is the arterial blood pressure in its toes, located 3 meters below the level of its heart? d) A giraffe is standing upright, and its kidneys are located 1.5 meters below the level of its heart. If the arterial blood pressure in the giraffe's heart is 200 mm Hg, what is the arterial blood pressure in its kidneys? Assume the giraffe's kidneys are located directly below its heart.

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter9: Cardiac Physiology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 16RE

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

The ________ layer secretes chemicals that help to regulate ionic environments and strength of contraction and serve as powerful vasoconstrictors. pericardial sac endocardium myocardium epicardium
Estimate the volume of a human heart (in mL) using the following measurements/assumptions: Blood flow through the aorta is approximately 16.8 cm/s. The diameter of the aorta is approximately 3.0 cm. Assume the heart pumps its own volume with each beat. Assume a pulse rate of 90 beats per minute.
Which of the choices below best describes the systemic circulation of blood?a. The flow of blood into the right atrium and eventually out of the left ventricle.b. The movement of blood from the pulmonary trunk, through capillaries into the pulmonary veins.c. The movement of blood into the coronary arteries, through capillaries into the coronary sinus.d. The movement of blood from the aorta, through arteries and capillaries and then eventually to the vena cavae.
If the pressure in the ventricles is higher than the pressure in the atria, but lower than the pressure in the great arteries, which of the following is true? a-semilunar valves will be closed, but the atrioventricular valves will be open, ventricles will be filling b-both the atrioventricular and semilunar valves will be closed and there will be no flow of blood c-both the atrioventricular and semilunar valves will be open and there will be flow through the ventricles d-the atrioventricular valves will be closed, but the semilunar valves will be open, ventricles will be ejecting blood
How many chambers dothe bird heart and themammalian heart have?Concerning temperaturemaintenance what is theadvantage of the double andcomplete circulation of theseanimals?
In the nineteenth century, Poiseuille’s law was experimentally deduced byJ. L. M. Poiseuille, who was interested in understanding the flow of blood inhorses’ arteries.We nowknowthat Poiseuille’s lawis a poorway of modelingblood flow in arteries. In your own words, give at least three reasons whyPoiseuille’s lawis not appropriate for arterial blood flowmodeling, and brieflydiscuss why this is the case.
Question 1 A Explain how the manifold design of arteries and arterioles/capillaries regulate velocity of blood flow, and how the manifold design helps to optimize bulk transport in the main arteries, and diffusion transport in the arterioles/capillaries.
The human circulatory system isclosed—that is, the blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heartinto the arteries is constrained to a series of continuous, branching vesselsas it passes through the capillaries and then into the veins as it returnsto the heart. The blood in each of the heart’s four chambers comesbriefly to rest before it is ejected by contraction of the heart muscle. The velocity of blood in the aorta can be measured directly with ultrasound techniques. A typical graph of blood velocity versus time during a single heartbeat is shown in Fig. . Which statement is the best interpretation of this graph? (a) The blood flow changes direction at about 0.25 s; (b) the speed of the blood flow begins to decrease at about 0.10 s; (c) the acceleration of the blood is greatest in magnitude at about 0.25 s; (d) the acceleration of the blood is greatest in magnitude at about 0.10 s.
Describe the Flank-Starling law in the heart.
The two factors that assist the relatively low venous pressures in propelling blood toward the heart are (a) ventricular systole and valve closure. (b) gravity and vasomotion. (c) muscular compression and the respiratory pump. (d) atrial and ventricular contractions.
Mention 4 activities that can influence blood pressure readings?
Which of the following statements best describes the function of the pulmonary arteries or veins? Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs. Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart from the lungs. Pulmonary veins carry deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the right atrium of the heart.