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- What is the main advantage of automatic stabilizers over discretionary fiscal policy?Explain how automatic stabilizers work, both on the taxation side and on the spending side, first in a situation where the economy is producing less than potential GDP and then in a situation where the economy Is producing more than potential GDP.Why is spending by the U.S. government on scientific research at NASA fiscal policy while spending by the University of Illinois is not fiscal policy? Why is a cut in the payroll tax fiscal policy whereas a cut in a state income tax is not fiscal policy?
- What would happen if expansionary fiscal policy was implemented in a recession but, due to lag, did not actually take effect until after the economy was back to potential GDP?Explain the difference between the government purchases multiplier and the net tax multiplier. If the MPC falls, what happens to the tax multiplier?Create three diagrams for the aggregate expenditures (AE) model for a public closed economy by adding different taxes. For the Diagram #1 suppose: Autonomous Expenditures: $6000; MPC: 0.75 Taxes: $1500;Potential Output: $16500For the Diagram #2 suppose: Autonomous Expenditures: $ 6000; MPC: 0.75;Taxes: $3000;Potential Output: $16500For the Diagram #3 suppose: Autonomous Expenditures: $6000; MPC: 0.75; Taxes: $2500Potential Output: $16500Explain each diagram by determining economic gaps and/or equilibriums. How does an increase in taxes affect GDP? How does a decrease in taxes affect GDP?
- a) Suppose that there are no crowding-out effects and the MPC is 0.8. By how much must the government increase expenditures shift the aggregate-demand curve right $10 billion? b. The model of Long-run Growth, proposes that fiscal policy can have lasting effects on savings, investment, and economic growth. On the other hand, the model of Aggregate Demand-Aggregate Supply suggests that the only long run effect of fiscal policy is an increase in the price level. How could you use the Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply model for a more accurate description of the short-run and long-run effects of an increase in government spending? Could you distinguish between different uses of government expenditures to predict their effects on prices and output?(a) Assume Consumption (C) is given by the equation C = 500 + 0.6(Y – T). Taxes (T) are equal to 600. Government spending is equal to 1,000. Investment is given by the equation I = 2,160 – 100r, where r = the real interest rate = 13 percent. In this case, what is the equilibrium Gross Domestic Product (GDP)/Total output (Y)/Total income? How does the equilibrium income change if government designs and executes expansionary fiscal policy? Show graphically and mathematically.No written by hand solution a) Use the AS-AD model to describe the crowding-out effect of private investment occurring when the government decides to decrease taxation (T). Your analysis should include the AS-AD, IS-LM, and the money market graph. b) Assume that the government asked you to estimate how the above reduction in taxes will affect the income/GDP in the economy. How would you answer? (Hint: Mention and discuss not only graphs, but also the formula of the multiplier, and whether the multiplier is an accurate measure
- In January, the interest rate is 5 percent and firms borrow $ 50 billion per month for investment projects. In February, the federal governmnet doubles its monthly borrowing from $ 25 billion to $ 50 billion. That drives the interest rate up to 7 percent. As a result, firms cut back their borrowing to only $ 30 billion per month. Which of the following is true? A). There is no crowding-out effect because the government's increase in borrowing exceeds firms' decrease in borrowing. B) There is a crowding-out effect of $20 billion. C) There is a crowding-out effect of $ 25 billion. D). There is no crowding-out effect because both the government and firms are still borrowing a lot.Only typed answer Explain why the multiplier falls when taxes depend on income. .1 Assume the following for the economy of a country: a. Consumption function: C = 60 + 0.75Yd b. Investment: I = 75 c. Government spending: G = 45 d. Net taxes: T = - 25 + 0.2Y e. Disposable income: Yd. = Y - T f. Equilibrium: Y = C + I + G Solve for equilibrium income. How much does the government collect in net taxes when the economy is in equilibrium? What is the government’s budget deficit or surplus?2. Given: C = 250 + 0.8 Y I = 150G = 300TR = 100NX = 100t =0.25i) Find the equilibrium level of income.ii) Suppose, because of the current COVID 19 situation Ꞓ falls to 50, MPS falls to .05, I falls to 10, G falls to 100 and NX falls to 10. How much TR should the government increase to have the same level of equilibrium income as in part i)?iii) In determining the required change in TR in part ii), which multiplier did you use and why? (Hint: keep in mind the consumption tendency households may have under the COVID 19 situation in selecting the multiplier).iv) Draw a graph to show the appropriate changes between part i) and part ii).v) Give an example related to current Bangladeshi situation where the government may follow a 'Transfer Promoting Policy' instead of a 'Growth Promoting Policy' in determining who gets the transfer payment.vi) Instead of paying transfer (TR) if the government were to increase government spending (G), what type of crowding out would you expect? Briefly…