A particular brand of Portland cement is made using limestone, kaolinite and sand. The three raw materials are pre-calcined at 950°C, which drives off any carbon dioxide and water chemically associated with the minerals. The bulk oxide composition of the calcined materials is as follows: a) Assuming that the free-lime content of the clinker is zero, and bearing in mind that gypsum has not yet been added, what proportions of the four main cement compounds are potentially present?

Solid Waste Engineering
3rd Edition
ISBN:9781305635203
Author:Worrell, William A.
Publisher:Worrell, William A.
Chapter6: Biological Processes
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A particular brand of Portland cement is made using limestone, kaolinite and sand. The
three raw materials are pre-calcined at 950°C, which drives off any carbon dioxide and
water chemically associated with the minerals. The bulk oxide composition of the
calcined materials is as follows:

a) Assuming that the free-lime content of the clinker is zero, and bearing in mind
that gypsum has not yet been added, what proportions of the four main cement
compounds are potentially present?

Limestone
Kaolinite
Sand
:
CaO
SiO₂
Al₂O3
Fe₂O3
Cao
SiO₂
SiO₂
The bulk oxide composition of the resulting clinker is:
Table 1 Bulk oxide composition
Oxide
% mass
67.5
23.2
100%
46%; Al₂O3 : 54%
85%; Fe₂O3 : 15%
6.1
3.2
Transcribed Image Text:Limestone Kaolinite Sand : CaO SiO₂ Al₂O3 Fe₂O3 Cao SiO₂ SiO₂ The bulk oxide composition of the resulting clinker is: Table 1 Bulk oxide composition Oxide % mass 67.5 23.2 100% 46%; Al₂O3 : 54% 85%; Fe₂O3 : 15% 6.1 3.2
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c) If the cement manufacturer wanted to produce a white Portland cement, what
changes would be made in terms of sourcing raw materials?
The molecular weight weights of the oxide components of Portland cement are:
CaO = 56; SiO2 = 60; Al2O3 = 102; Fe2O3 = 160 

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b) How much sand is used as a percentage of the total mass calcined raw materials?

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