caffeine is also diuretic, which means it increases the movement of water through the kidneys into the urine. Why would this potentially offset its value to a distance athlete?

Q: How would you calculate the filtered load and excretion rate of glucose?

A: Filtered load:- The amount of solute transported across the glomerular membrane per unit time.…

Q: Aldosterone exerts its effect on the kidneys by increasing its target cells. intracellular cyclic…

A: Distal nephron tubule is the major target of aldosterone stimulating exchange of ions, hence…

Q: describe the effects of ADH and aldosterone on body water

A: Vasopressin or ADH hormone is secreted by the hypothalamus and serves the function of regulating the…

Q: List the effects of each of the following hormones on electrolyte balance. Note that some hormones…

A: Angiotensin II induces vasoconstriction and rises systemic blood pressure. It enhances the…

Q: . Glucose in the urine is called _____________________.

A: Glycosuria : It is a condition characterised by an excess of sugar in the urine, typically…

Q: Which of the following electrolyte/fluid regulation abnormalities is not seen with glucocorticoid…

A: Step 1 Adrenal cortex secrets over 20 steroid hormones called cortical steroids or corticosteroids.…

Q: Are patients with diabetes mellitus more likely to have trouble with acidosis or alkalosis? Why?…

A: Diabetes mellitus is the most usual metabolic disorder in the society. The diabetics may suffer from…

Q: Which of the following is characterized as metabolicalkalosis?a. increased pH, decreased pCO2,…

A: When your blood turns out to be excessively alkaline the condition is said to be metabolic…

Q: Explain in your own words when Renin release is stimulated by the kidney

A: Renin It is an enzyme which plays a major role in the renin–angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) .…

Q: A male athlete taking large amounts of an androgenic steroid becomessterile Explain?

A: Steroids are organic compounds that are present naturally in cell membranes. It regulates the…

Q: ADH production will increase

A: Vasopressin regulates renal water excretion by binding to a Gα s-coupled receptor (V2R) in…

Q: What effect does an increase in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the volume of extracellular fluid…

A: Antidiuretic hormone: -  This hormone is released in the posterior pituitary gland and formed by…

Q: Explain why and how sodium balance, ECF volume, and blood pressure are jointly regulated.

A: 1)Aldosterone-In the filtrate the reabsorption of sodium increases and in the kidney, K+ is…

Q: The stimuli that trigger the release of ADH are a.) low blood pressure, low blood volume, and low…

A: Hello! Since you have asked multiple questions under one question, we are answering only first…

Q: Diuretic drugs for treating high blood pressure may aggravate other heart conditions such as…

A: Thiazide diuretics are commonly used to treat hypertension. Mechanism of action Relaxation of blood…

Q: Explain the effect of the renin-angiotensin-aldosteronesystem on water-salt balance.

A: Homeostasis refers to stability, balance, and equilibrium within a body or cell by which an organism…

Q: What symptoms are sometimes seen in athletes after prolonged,strenuous exercise, particularly in hot…

A: Water is the main component in the body that circulates throughout the body such as blood and…

Q: What would you recommend to an athlete to reduce the chance of dehydration during exercise?

A: Prevent dehydration during exercise:a. Should drink water immediately when your mouth is dry.b. When…

Q: Maintenance of fluid balance is important for the survival of humans. How does antidiuretic hormone…

A: Fluid balance is the necessary aspect of homeostasis in our bodies as the amount of water in the…

Q: Why did sodium levels, in the blood, drop to 126 mEq/L? Explain in detail why the sodium levels are…

A: Hyponatremia is the low level of sodium in the blood. It may cause headache, fatigue and confusion.

Q: Consider the effect of a twofold increase in the ECF concentration of Na+ or K+ ions. Which increase…

A: In the body; intracellular fluid has higher potassium ion concenteration than the extracellular…

Q: Explain and Illustrate the elimination reaction of adrenaline.

A: Adrenaline : It is a hormone released from the adrenal glands and its major action, together with…

Q: Compare and contrast hyperthermia and hypothermia and their effects on the body.

A: Hyperthermia is an abnormally high body temperature — or overheating. Hyperthermia occurs when your…

Q: Which two ions are most affected by aldosterone?a. sodium and potassiumb. chloride and bicarbonatec.…

A: Aldosterone is a steroid hormone, which is chiefly involved in regulating water and salts in the…

Q: Why is a sport drink more effective than plain water for rehydration after extended exercise?

A: Sports drinks, also known as electrolyte drinks are functional beverages whose state purpose is to…

Q: Parathyroid hormone stimulates: Select one: Potassium secretion and sodium reabsorption. b.…

A: The parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a peptide hormone that is secreted by the parathyroid gland. There…

Q: Which electrolyte imbalance is least likely to impair muscle contraction because it is not required…

A: The muscles are the soft tissues found in the animals. They are made up of special types of…

Q: Acidic urine is necessary for the activity of IS O a. Doxycycline Ob. Nitrofurantoin Oc Methenamine…

A: Studies suggest that physician's should consider the pH of the patient's urine, while treating for…

Q: Describe in general terms the mechanism by which abscisic acidhelps minimize water loss.

A:

Q: Excessive loss of water and electrolytes in diabetes is called_____________________.

A: Diabetes is a medical condition characterized by abnormally increased levels of glucose in the blood…

Q: Glucose in the urine is referred to as _____________.

A: Glucose urine test is used to measure the amount of sugar present in urine sample. Glucose is a main…

Q: Know the voltage of potassium in the ECF and ICF. Know the voltage of sodium in the ECF and ICF.

A: Voltage is the measure of potential energy generated by a separated charge. It is measured in volts…

Q: Which of the following combinations would lead to the greatest INCREASE in blood pressure? decrease…

A: Aldosterone helps the kidney to reabsorb more salt and water into the bloodstream, increasing blood…

Q: Which of the following is NOT an important sign of diabetes mellitus?     increased urine output…

A: Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease but it’s a group or series of diseases caused due to…

Q: In diabetes mellitus, explain the chain of events that leadto (a) osmotic diuresis, (b) ketoacidosis…

A: The main cause of kidney dysfunction, gangrene, adult blindness, and amputation of limbs is diabetes…

Q: Define the terminology: N-balance.

A: Our body is made up of various elements like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus,…

Q: Thirst is a relatively poor indicator of dehydration for athletes? A. True B. False

A: Ans - B) False Physiologically thirst is a regulatory mechanism of the living organisms that…

Q: igns and symptoms of imbalance in potassium hyper conditions.

A: As we know Potassium is an intracellular cation. The normal concentration of potassium in the plasma…

Q: Loop diuretics promote diuresis by - decreasing the osmolarity of the renal medulla inhibiting an…

A: Medicines that enhance flow of urine are known as diuretics (cause diuresis). Loop diuretics…

Q: Calcium ions that act as second messengers are stored in

A: When water soluble hormone binds to cell membrane receptor then they lead to production of secondary…

Q: Explain the mechanism how furosemide affects kidney tubules. How does this affect K+ balance? How…

A: Furosemide works by preventing salt, chloride, and water from the filtered fluid in the renal…

Q: An article in the journal "Metabolism," in 2014, reported that some patients with type II diabetes…

A: Individuals with type 2 diabetes have a condition called insulin resistance. Their body is able to…

Q: What type of acid-base imbalance might develop in an individual: A. Who has taken an overdose of a…

A: Acid base imbalance The imbalance distribution of ions in body fluids leads to acid-base imbalance.

Q: An inadequate (low) dietary intake of NaCl will cause A) increased angiotensin II production

A: Sodium chloride (NaCl) is one of the most abundant minerals on Earth and an essential nutrient for…

Q: Excessive loss of water and electrolytes in diabetes is referred to as _____________.

A: Diabetes is a disease that causes high blood sugar. Majorly there are two different types of…

Q: What is the quantity of creatinine excretion in 24 hours relatively constant for normal person?

A: Creatinine is a non-protein nitrogenous compound that is formed by the breakdown of creatine in…

Q: _____________ is a steroid that promotes Na+ and water retention by the kidney.

A: Hormones are biomolecules present in the body whose primary function is to regulate and balance…

Q: Explain how countercurrent exchange is used to regulate temperature

A: A biological system where there is an exchange of a substance between liquids streaming in inverse…

Q: sodium is excreted, so is _________________________.    A) Glycogen B) Calcium C) Water D) Protein

A: Excretion in human is done by kidney (nephron).