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A researcher enrolled 100 subjects into a study on September 1, 2000. All of the subjects were at risk for developing Influenza A. On November 1, 2000, 10 subjects developed Influenza A. On December 1, 2000, 10 more subjects developed Influenza A. None of the remaining subjects developed Influenza A and none of these subjects left the study. The study ended on March1, 2001. Calculate the incidence density of Influenza A from September 1, 2000 to March 1, 2001. Show your work.
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- Does this epidemic curve suggest a point source or propagated epidemic? Justify your answer. What does the "moving averages" (black line) represent? bruefly explain this term in relation to the concept of "variability"?In the SIR model, if S is 99 and I is 1 (total population is 100) at the beginning of a disease infection, which has R0 of 2 and average infectious period of 10 days. What is the transmission rate (beta)? a.0.1 b.0.2 c.0.002 d.2The image attached of 100 squares represents a population of people that was stable in size and followed for 2 years for the emergence of a disease. Blue squares represent people in the population that were unaffected by disease over the whole study period. Red squares represent people in the population identified as having disease at the start of the study. The yellow squares were people in the population that were disease free at the start, but developed disease in the subsequent 2 year period. Assume everyone survives to the end of the study period whether or not they develop disease. 1) Based on the image and study description above, what was the prevalence of disease in the population at the start of the study? A) 0% B) 36% C) 38% D) 62% 2) Based on the image above and study description, what was the 2-year cumulative incidence of new disease over the study? A) 26.0% B) 62% C) 40.6% D) 36% 3) Based on the image above and study description, what is the…
- Calculating Incidence versus Prevalence The picture represents 10 new cases of illness over about 15 months in a population of 20 persons. Each horizontal line represents one person. The down arrow indicates the date of onset of illness. The solid line represents the duration of illness. The up arrow and the cross represent the date of recovery and date of death, respectively. The picture New: Cases of Illness from October 1, 2004–September 30, 2005 Question: Calculate the period prevalence from October 1, 2004, to September 30, 2005. The numerator of period prevalence includes anyone who was ill any time during the period. In Figure 3.1, the first 10 persons were all ill at some time during the period.In a cohort study, the ratio of the incidence rate of a disease in an exposed group to the incidence rate of the disease in a nonexposed group is the: a. Relative risk b. Risk difference c. Prevalence ratio d. Odds ratioCalculating Incidence versus Prevalence The picture represents 10 new cases of illness over about 15 months in a population of 20 persons. Each horizontal line represents one person. The down arrow indicates the date of onset of illness. The solid line represents the duration of illness. The up arrow and the cross represent the date of recovery and date of death, respectively. The picture New: Cases of Illness from October 1, 2004–September 30, 2005 Question: Calculate the incidence rate from October 1, 2004, to September 30, 2005, using the midpoint population (population alive on April 1, 2005) as the denominator. Express the rate per 100 population.
- In the SIR model, if S is 99 and I is 1 (total population is 100) at the beginning of a disease infection, which has R0 of 2 and average infectious period of 10 days. What is the transmission rate (beta)? a.0.1 b.0.2 c.0.002 d.2 Please answer asapAs an epidemiologist you are going to investigate the effect of lead exposure in a Baltimore neighborhood and the incidence of lead poisoning and related learning difficulties in early childhood. You start your study with a cohort of 400 babies born in 2015. At baseline none of them have any symptoms of lead poisoning, but after taking environmental samples from their homes you find that 250 of them have lead paint exposure and 150 of them do not. You follow them for 10 years and keep track of incident cases of lead poisoning based on blood samples. In 2025 you end your study and report the following: 100 of the children previously exposed to lead paint in 2015 have lead poisoning and 25 of the children that were not exposed in 2015 have lead poisoning. Calculate the cumulative incidence for the exposed and unexposed group. Calculate the relative risk between lead paint exposure and lead poisoning.as an epidemiologist you are going to investigate the effect of lead exposure in a Baltimore neighborhood and the incidence of lead poisining and related difficulties in early childhood. You start with a cohort of 400 babies born in 2015. At baseline, none of them have any symptoms of lead poisining, but after taking envirnomental samples from their homes you find that 250 have lead paint exposure and 150 of them do not You follow them for ten years and keep track of incident cases of lead poisining based on blood samples. In 2025 you end your study and report the following: 100 of the children previously exposed to lead paint in 2015 have lead poisining and 25 of the children that were not exposed in 2015 have lead poisining. Calculate the cumulative incidence for the exposed group and the unexposed group. Calculate the relative risk between lead paint exposure and lead poisining.
- You were recently hired as an epidemiologist at a county office. List and explain three measures that you would use to calculate a specific disease situation. In your view, why is it difficult to get accurate information about disease status in a population?refer to the provided image 80. Which of the following is represented by the x-axis of the provided epidemic curve?A. Asymptomatic timeB. Generation time C. Incubation periodD. Natural history 81. What type of epidemic is evident on the given epidemic curve?A. IntermittentB. Point-source C. ProgressiveD. PropagatingIs it possible to get “better” evidence from a case-control study than a cohort study? When could this happen?