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Variance Analysis
In layman's terms, variance analysis is an analysis of a difference between planned and actual behavior. Variance analysis is mainly used by the companies to maintain a control over a business. After analyzing differences, companies find the reasons for the variance so that the necessary steps should be taken to correct that variance.
Standard Costing
The standard cost system is the expected cost per unit product manufactured and it helps in estimating the deviations and controlling them as well as fixing the selling price of the product. For example, it helps to plan the cost for the coming year on the various expenses.
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- Bob Randall, cost accounting manager for Hemple Products, was asked to determine the costs of the activities performed within the company’s Manufacturing Engineering Department. The department has the following activities: creating bills of materials (BOMs), studying manufacturing capabilities, improving manufacturing process, training, employees, and designing tools. The resources costs (from the general ledger) and the times to perform one unit of each activity are provided below: Resource Cost Activities Unit Time Driver Salaries $500,000 Creating BOMs 0.5 hr. No. of BOMs Equipment 100,000 Designing Tools 5.4 hr. No. of tools designs Supplies 30,000 Improving processes 1.0 hr. Process improvement hrs Total $630,000 Training employees 2.0 hr. No. of training sessions Studying capabilities 1.0 hr. Study hrs. Total machine and labor hours (at practical capacity):…Bob Randall, cost accounting manager for Hemple Products, was asked to determine the costs of the activities performed within the company’s Manufacturing Engineering Department. The department has the following activities: creating bills of materials (BOMs), studying manufacturing capabilities, improving manufacturing process, training, employees, and designing tools. The general ledger accounts reveal the following expenditures for Manufacturing Engineering: Salaries $ 500,000 Equipment 100,000 Supplies 30,000 Total $630,000 The equipment is used for two activities: improving process and designing tools. The equipment’s time is divided by two activities: 40 percent for improving process and 60 percent for designing tools. The salaries are for nine…Bob Randall, cost accounting manager for Hemple Products, was asked to determine the costs of the activities performed within the company's Manufacturing Engineering Department. The department has the following activities: creating bills of materials (BOMs), studying manufacturing capabilities, improving manufacturing processes, training employees, and designing tools. The resource costs (from the general ledger) and the times to perform one unit of each activity are provided below. Resource Costs Activities Unit Time Driver Salaries $425,000 Creating BOMs 0.6 hr. No. of BOMs Equipment 92,000 Designing tools 3.7 hrs. No. of tool designs Supplies 43,000 Improving processes 1.1 hrs. Process improvement hrs. Total $560,000 Training employees 2.1 hrs. No. of training sessions Studying capabilities 2.1 hrs. Study hours Total machine and labor hours (at practical capacity): Machine…
- A heavy construction firm has been awarded a contract to build a large concrete dam. It is expected that a total of 8 years will be required to complete the work. The firm will buy $600,000 worth of special equipment for the job. During the preparation of the job cost estimate, the following utilization schedule was computed for the special equipment:Hello, I need some help. My study question is very similar to question submitted about the sample company Qualsupport and Denver Cover Plant. My figures are different. Please assist. I am trying to follow thru with the examples provided. Here is what I am working with. Denver Cover Plant Annual Budget for Operating Costs Materials $14,000,000 Labor: Direct $13,100,000 Supervision $900,000 Indirect plant $4,000,000 $18,000,000 Overhead: Depreciation – equipment $3,200,000 Depreciation - building $7,000,000 Pension expense $5,000,000 Plant manager and staff $,800,000 Corporate expenses* $4,000,000 $20,000,000 Total budgeted costs $52,000,000 Question. The annual budget costs that are relevant to the decision regarding closing the plant. Question. The annual budgeted costs that are irrelevant to the decision regarding closing the plant…In 20x2, Choctaw Company implements a new process affecting labor and materials. The following reported data are provided to evaluate the effect on the companys productivity: Required: 1. Calculate the productivity profile for 20x1. 2. Calculate the productivity profile for 20x2, and comment on the effect of the new production and assembly process. 3. What if the labor hours used in 20x2 were 112,500? What does comparison of the 20x1 and 20x2 profiles now communicate?
- Joseph Fox, controller of Thorpe Company, has been in charge of a project to install an activity-based cost management system. This new system is designed to support the companys efforts to become more competitive. For the past six weeks, he and the project committee members have been identifying and defining activities, associating workers with activities, and assessing the time and resources consumed by individual activities. Now, he and the project committee are focusing on three additional implementation issues: (1) identifying activity drivers, (2) assessing value content, and (3) identifying cost drivers (root causes). Joseph has assigned a committee member the responsibilities of assessing the value content of five activities, choosing a suitable activity driver for each activity, and identifying the possible root causes of the activities. Following are the five activities with possible activity drivers: The committee member ran a regression analysis for each potential activity driver, using the method of least squares to estimate the variable and fixed cost components. In all five cases, costs were highly correlated with the potential drivers. Thus, all drivers appeared to be good candidates for assigning costs to products. The company plans to reward production managers for reducing product costs. Required: 1. What is the difference between an activity driver and a cost driver? In answering the question, describe the purpose of each type of driver. 2. For each activity, assess the value content and classify each activity as value-added or non-value-added (justify the classification). Identify some possible root causes of each activity, and describe how this knowledge can be used to improve activity performance. For purposes of discussion, assume that the value-added activities are not performed with perfect efficiency. 3. Describe the behavior that each activity driver will encourage, and evaluate the suitability of that behavior for the companys objective of becoming more competitive.Moss Ltd. has the following activities: creating bills of materials (BOM), studying manufacturing capabilities, improving manufacturing processes, training employees, and designing tooling. The general ledger accounts reveal the following expenditures for manufacturing engineering: Salaries £ 75,000Equipment 40,000Supplies __10,000 Total £125,000 The equipment is used for two activities: improving processes and designing tooling. Thirty-five percent of the equipment's time is used for improving processes and 65 percent is used for designing tools. The salaries are for two engineers. One is paid £50,000, while the other earns £25,000. The £50,000 engineer spends 40 percent of his time training employees in new processes and 60 percent of his time on improving processes. The remaining engineer spends equal time on all activities. Supplies are consumed in the following proportions: Creating BOMs 25%Studying capabilities 10%Improving processes 20%Training employees 25%Designing tooling…a. Eye for detail is an interior decorating firm located in sydney. The following costs were incurred in the firms contract to redecorate the local council offices: direct material $5,600 Professional labour 12 000 The firms budget for the year included the following estimates: Budgeted overhed $800,000 Budgeted proffesional labour 500,000 1. Calculate the total cost of the firms contract to redcorate the council offices. Overhead is applied to contracts using a predetermined overhead rate, calculated annually, based on the professional labour cost. Materials are charged directly to each contract 2. Using the total cost to calculate a service fee, assuming that the company adds a 40 per cent profit margin to total cost. b. Refer to the information for a. 1. Calculate the fee charged to redecorate the council offices assuming that the firm uses a chargeout rate of $360 per professional labour hour, which includes a profit margin of 40 per cent, and 120 hours are worked on the…
- It has been suggested to the president to consider the use of an ABC costing system to allocate manufacturing overhead. Engineering studies have revealed the following information about estimated manufacturing activities for the coming year. Activity Cost Pool Estimated Overhead Cost Expected Activity Level Setups $530,000 200 setups Scrap $425,000 400 units Testing $325,000 10,000 tests Machine Related $1,370,000 60,000 machine hours Total $2,650,000 Calculate the separate predetermined overhead rates for each of the activities listed above.An engineer has designed two alternative methods for accomplishing a production job. Both methods involve the acquisition of the same working place and other capital equipment to be used for this job only.Method A calls for a crew consisting of three men each costing P30.00 per hour. This method will result in the production of 10 units per hour of which two will be rejected.Method B calls for a crew of two men each costing P35.00 per hour and should result in the production of eight units per hour of which one will be rejected.The cost of the direct material lost in each project is P20.00. If a certain total number of units is to be produced, show which method is economical. PLEASE SHOW CLEAR SOLUTION:Spin Cycle Architecture uses three activity pools to apply overhead to its projects. Each activity has a cost driver used to allocate the overhead costs to the projects. The activities and related overhead costs are as follows: initial concept formation $40,000, design $300,000, and construction oversight $100,000. The cost drivers and expected use are as follows.Expected Use of Cost Drivers Activities Cost Drivers per ActivityInitial concept formation Number of project changes 20 Design Squarefeet 150,000 Construction oversight Number of months 100(a) Compute the predetermined overhead rate for each activity. (b) Classify each of these activities as unit-level, batch-level, product-level, or facility-level.