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Assume that the half-life of a particular drug depends on its oxidative transformation following first-order kinetics. If the drug has a half-life of 5h, calculate the rate constant for the transformation.
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- An unknown inorganic phosphate undergoes first-order dehydration in a drying oven. Initially, the excess water content is measured to be 1.13 mg. After 2.10 days the water content is reduced to 0.488 mg. After 4.40 days, water content is only 0.194 mg. Determine the half-life of hydration under these conditions.What is the value of the rate constant for this reaction?Calculate the rate constant of this reaction
- Cleavage of C2H6 to produce two CH3· radicals is a gas-phase reaction that occurs at 700 °C. This reaction is first order, with k = 5.46 × 10−4 s−1. Write down the chemical equation for the cleavage reaction and the rate equations.The acid-catalysed conversion of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHBA) into its lactone, γ-butyrolactone (GBL) is a reversible reaction. The GHBA to GBL forward reaction is first-order with respect to the GHBA concentration; the GBL to GHBA reverse reaction is first-order with respect to the GBL concentration. An experimental study of the kinetics of this reaction was undertaken in 0.2 mol L-1hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 298 K. The initial concentration of GHBA was 18.23 × 10-3mol L-1 . The concentration of GBL in solution was followed as a function of time (t), as indicated in Table B.3: Time/min 0 21 36 50 65 80 100 ∞ GBL Concentration / 10-3 L-1 0 2.41 3.73 4.96 6.10 7.08 8.11 13.28 Use the data in Table B.3 to determine the equilibrium constant and the first-order rate constants for both forward and reverse reactions.Benzoyl peroxide (C14H10O4) is widely used in acne treatments. It degrades by 1st-order kinetics and has a half-life of 9.8×103 days at 25 °C.(a) What is the rate constant for this reaction at 25 °C? (b) How many years will it take for 10% of the benzoyl peroxide to degrade?
- Alcohol is removed from the bloodstream by a series of metabolic reactions. The first reaction produces acetaldehyde; then other products are formed. The following data have been determined for the rate at which alcohol is removed from the blood of an average male, although individual rates can vary by 25-30%. Women metabolize alcohol a little more slowly than men: [CH,OH] (M) 4.4 x 10-2 3.3 x 10-2 2.2 x 10-2 Rate (mol/L/h) 2.0 x 10-2 2.0 × 10-2 2.0 x 10-2 Determine the rate equation, the rate constant, and the overall order for this reaction.The rearrangement of cis- to trans-dichloroethylene occurs in the gaseous state in the presence of oxygen according to a first-order time law. At a certain temperature it is observed that, starting from pure cis compounds, 64% trans compounds have formed after 6 hours. What is the half-life of the reaction?Adenosine deaminase is an enzyme involved in nucleotide metabolism in our cells. The uncatalyzed reaction has a half-life of 1.2x102 years at 25.0°C and an activation energy of 124 kJ/mol. The catalyzed and the uncatalyzed reactions obey first-order kinetics. If the enzyme reduces the activation energy to 53.7 kJ/mol, what is the half-life of the enzymatic reaction (in s) at 25.0°C? Assume that the frequency factor A is the same for the catalyzed and the uncatalyzed reaction. 1 year = 365.25 days.
- What is the half-life of compound if 75 percent of a given sample of the compound decomposes in 60 min? Assume first-order kinetics.Enter your answer in the provided box. A certain first-order reaction is 85.5 percent complete in 5.90 min at 25°C. What is its rate constant?A study of the rate of dimerization of C4H6 gave the data shown in the table: 2C4H6→C8H12 Time (s) [C4H6] (M) 0 1.00 x 10–2 1600 5.04 x 10–3 3200 3.37 x 10–3 4800 2.53 x 10–3 6200 2.08 x 10–3 What is the instantaneous rate of dimerization at 3200 s? Create a graph of time versus [C4H6] to help answer this question. Question 1 options: a) 9.4 x 10-7 M s-1 b) 8.2 x 10-7 M s-1 c) 7.7 x 10-7 M s-1 d) 6.5 x 10-7 M s-1
