Calculate the values expected for the total alkalinity and for the phenol- phthalein alkalinity of a 25°C saturated solution of calcium carbonate in water, and compare them to the values for a solution that also is in equilib- rium with atmospheric carbon dioxide. Use the concentrations quoted in the last column of Table 10-4.
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- Calculate the % relative error in solubility by using concentrations instead of activitiesfor Fe(OH)2 in 0.0500 M KNO3 (give the source for thermodynamic solubility).The dissociation vapour pressure (the pressure of gaseous products in equilibrium with the solid reactant) of NH4CI at 427 °C is 608 kPa but at 459 °C it has risen to 1115 kPa. Calculate (a) the equilibrium constant. (b) the standard reaction Gibbs energy, (c) the standard enthalpy, (d) the standardentropy of dissociation, all at 427 °C. Assume that the vapour behaves as a perfect gas and that ΔHΘ and ΔSΘ are independent of temperature in the range given.The mean activity coefficients of HBr in three dilute aqueous solutions at 25 °C are 0.930 (at 5.00 mmol kg−1), 0.907 (at 10.0 mmol kg−1), and 0.879 (at 20.0 mmol kg−1). Estimate the value of B in the Davies equation.
- The dissociation vapor pressure of a salt A2B(s) ⇌ A2(g) + B(g) at 367°C is 208 kPa but at 477°C it has risen to 547 kPa. For the dissociation reaction of A2B(s), calculate (i) the equilibrium constant, (ii) the standard reaction Gibbs energy, (iii) the standard enthalpy, and (iv) the standard entropy of dissociation, all at 422°C. Assume that the vapor behaves as a perfect gas and that ΔrH° and ΔrS° are independent of temperature in the range given.State the limits to the generality of the expression for estimating the pH of an amphiprotic salt solution. Suggest reasons for why these limitations exist.Calculate the masses of (a) Ca(NO3)2 and, separately, (b) NaCI to add to a 0.150 mol kg-1 solution of KNO3(aq) containing 500 g of solvent to raise its ionic strength to 0.250.
- Describe in detail the steps involved to prepare following solution; a) 0.2% (v/v) , (v/w), (w/v) and (w/w) solution of acetic acid.The reaction A(g) + B(g) ↔ C(g) + D(g) has ΔGrxn° = -28.62 kJ mol-1 and Kp = 0.63 at 980 °C. A rigid cylinder at that temperature contains 1.2 atm of A, 0.20 atm of B, 0.30 atm of C, and 0.27 atm of D. What is the reaction Gibbs energy?KMnO4 and Na2C2O4 solutions were used in the reactions that took place in a back titration to determine the amount of H2O2 in a sample. Calculate the concentration of H2O2 in the sample (w / v) as% by making appropriate assumptions for the volumes and normality of all these solutions.
- The equilibrium pressure of hydrogen H2 over solid uranium U and solid uranium hydride UH3 at 500 K is 139 Pa. Calculate the standard Gibbs energy of formation of UH3 (s) in the reaction: U(s) + 3/2 H2 (g) → UH3 (s) at 500 K. Hint: start with writing the equilibrium constant K expressed through activities that include pressure of gas. Examples are in class notes. Then, convert K to the standard Gibbs energy of the pertinent reaction.For a salt MpXq define the mean activity coefficient, where n= p+q, in terms ofthe separate activity coefficients of the ions.The solubility of mercury(I) iodide is 5.5 fmol dm-3 (1 fmol = 10-15 mol) in water at 25 °C. What is the standard Gibbs energy of dissolution of the salt?