Callisto has managed to escape Xena, and therefore Xena decides to rest for the night in a small but deep cave at a high altitude in the mountains. Describe the changes in Xena’s intrathoracic and intrapleural volume and pressure during quiet inspiration. Explain how these changes occur and describe their effect upon airflow. Explain how the rate of gas exchange between Xena’s alveolar air and blood changes when she moves to high altitude and describe one possible compensatory change that occurs in her body as the consequence.

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