Chantix (varenicline) is a drug used as an aid for those who want to stop smoking. The adverse reaction of nausea has been studied in clinical trials, and the table below summarizes results. Use a 0.01 Placebo Chantix Nausea 10 30 No Nausea significance level to test the claim that nausea is independent of whether the subject took a placebo or Chantix. 795 791 1.What is the conclusion of this study? 2.What is the decision rule of this study? 3. What is the computed Chi-square value?
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- A recent clinical trial compares the use of Drug A to the standard treatment of symptomatic genital herpes. The study involves 10, 000 people with genital herpes who are randomly assigned to receive Drug A or standard treatment. Results of the trial show that the duration of symptoms in patients who received Drug A is 4 days versus 4-5 days in patients who received standard symptomatic measures (p<0.5). The manufacturer of Drug A recommends the use of Drug A in the clinical treatment of genital herpes. Based on the study’s results, which of the following is the most appropriate reason to question the manufacturer’s recommendation? a) The investigators used an inappropriate study design b) It is likely that there was a Type I error c) It is likely that there was Type II error d) The observed difference is not clinically significant e) The observed difference is not statistically significant f) There was insufficient powerStudies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids have a wide variety of health benefits. Omega-3 oils can be found in foods such as fish, walnuts, and flaxseed. A company selling milled flaxseed advertises that one tablespoon of the product contains, on average, at least 3800 mg of ALNA, the primary omega-3. a) The company plans to conduct a test to ensure that there is sufficient evidence that its claimiscorrect. Tobesafe,thecompanywantstomakesurethatevidenceshowsthe average is higher than 3800 mg. What are the null and alternative hypotheses? b) Suppose, instead, that a consumer organization plans to conduct a test to see if there is evidence against the claim that the product contains an average of 3800 mg per tablespoon. The consumer organization will only take action if it finds evidence that the claim made by the company is false and that the actual average amount of omega-3 is less than 3800 mg. What are the null and alternative hypotheses?Cindy, a financial analyst is studying the relationship between family decisions to borrow money to finance a child’s education and the child’s expected income after graduation. To aid the study, 440 randomly selected families were surveyed with the results provided below. At alpha =0.01, can you conclude that the decision to borrow money is related to a child’s expected income after graduation? Expected income More Likely Less Likely Did not make a difference Did not consider it Less than $20,000 37 10 22 25 $20,000-$45000 28 12 15 16 $45000-$70000 55 9 65 48 Greater than $70000 36 1 29 32 What is the degrees of freedom? What is the critical value? Leave your answers in 4 decimal places The degrees of freedom is and the P- value is .
- A researcher has observed 500 vehicles at a stop sign in a suburban neighbourhood and recorded the type of vehicle (sedan, hatchback, bakkie) and driver behaviour at the stop sign (complete stop, near stop, “ran” the stop sign). At the 0.05 level of significance, could there be some relationship between driver behaviour and the type of vehicle being driven? Define the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. A. H1: Driver’s behaviour and type of vehicle are independent vs H0: A relationship exists between driver’s behaviour and type of vehicle B. H0: A relationship exists between driver’s behaviour and type of vehicle vs H1: No relationship exists between driver’s behaviour and type of vehicle C. H0: Driver’s behaviour and dependent on the type of vehicle vs H1: Driver’s behaviour and type of vehicle are independent D. H0: Driver’s behaviour and type of vehicle are independent vs H1: A relationship exists between driver’s behaviour and type of vehicle“Passive and Active Smoke” in Appendix B includes cotinine levels measured in a group of nonsmokers exposed to tobacco smoke (n = 40, Mean = 60.58 ng>mL, s = 138.08 ng>mL) and a group of nonsmokers not exposed to tobacco smoke (n = 40, Mean = 16.35 ng>mL, s = 62.53 ng>mL). Cotinine is a metabolite of nicotine, meaning that when nicotine is absorbed by the body, cotinine is produced. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that nonsmokers exposed to tobacco smoke have a higher mean cotinine level than nonsmokers not exposed to tobacco smoke. 1. Construct a confidence interval estimate of the difference betwen the mean continen levels fo the two groups of nonsmokers. What confidence level would be appropriate? 2. Find the margin of error E using the formula. 3. What is the confidence interval? Explain the meaning of the confidence interal and what the limit represents.“Passive and Active Smoke” in Appendix B includes cotinine levels measured in a group of nonsmokers exposed to tobacco smoke (n = 40, Mean = 60.58 ng>mL, s = 138.08 ng>mL) and a group of nonsmokers not exposed to tobacco smoke (n = 40, Mean = 16.35 ng>mL, s = 62.53 ng>mL). Cotinine is a metabolite of nicotine, meaning that when nicotine is absorbed by the body, cotinine is produced. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that nonsmokers exposed to tobacco smoke have a higher mean cotinine level than nonsmokers not exposed to tobacco smoke. Based on your hypothesis tests and confidence intervals, what do you conclude about the effects of second hand smoke? Why?
- A test of body reaction to the Malaysian citizens who have taken their vaccine was conducted. Selected citizens who got side effect are categorised according to their blood type and the type of vaccine received. From a sample of 250 citizens, 150 of them were administered withSinovac while the rest received AstraZeneca. Table 4 shows the number of citizens who had side effect after being vaccinated. (Question & Table at images)Tests for the adverse reactions to a new drug yielded the results given in the table. At the 0.05 significance level, test the claim that the treatment is independent of the reaction. ( headache, or no headache ) Drug Placebo Total Headache 11 7 No Headache 73 91 TotalA researcher surveyed 500 people. She found that the individuals who took some form of over the counter sleep aid (i.e. ZZZQuil) were able to fall asleep in a shorter period of time and stay asleep for longer periods than the individuals who did not. a) Was this study observational or experimental? Why?b) What was the explanatory variable? What was the response variable?
- A researcher would like to investigate whether or not there is a difference in IQ between Psychology and History majors. She gathers 16 students (8 whose major is Psychology, and 8 whose major is history) and has them all take an IQ test to test this hypothesis using an (alpha level of .01). Below are the data: Psych History 120 95 114 92 100 145 121 101 124 100 102 98 110 97 123 120 What is (are) the critical value(s)? Obtained Statistic? Use SPSS software to perform same analysis and confirm the results please.A study is conducted in which each subject who suffers from poison ivy is treated with two creams, a newtreatment and a control. Time, in days, until the rash disappears is measured. a) Which design best describes this type of observational study or experiment (as determined above)? b)Identify the response variable.Give the null and alternative hypothesis of The following are the laboratory results in hemoglobin of 10 male (X1) and 10 female(X2) patients. Test the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference between the hemoglobin of male and female patients. Use the t -test at 0.05 level of significance. As part of the National Health Survey conducted by the Department of Health and Human Services, perceptions on the attitude and practices of vaccine were obtained for females aged 18-30 before and after intervention. Listed below are sample mean results. Is there sufficient evidence to support the claim that there is a difference in the attitude and practice between before and after intervention? Use a 0.05 significance level. A researcher determines the BMI index of geriatrics from Tondo. Using 0.05 level of significance, is the BMI index of geriatrics are within the accepted norm (21)?