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Introduction:
The term "fixed cost" refers to a cost that remains constant regardless of the number of goods or services produced or sold. Fixed costs are expenses that a business must pay regardless of its specific business activities. This means that fixed costs are typically indirect, in the context that they do not apply to a company's production of goods or services. Companies usually have two types of costs: fixed costs and variable costs, which combine to form total costs.
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- Hicks Contracting collects and analyzes cost data in order to track the cost of installing decks on new home construction jobs. The following are some of the costs that they incur. Classify these costs as fixed or variable costs and as product or period costs. Lumber used to construct decks ($12.00 per square foot) Carpenter labor used to construct decks ($10 per hour) Construction supervisor salary ($45,000 per year) Depreciation on tools and equipment ($6,000 per year) Selling and administrative expenses ($35,000 per year) Rent on corporate office space ($34,000 per year) Nails, glue, and other materials required to construct deck (varies per job)Classify Costs Following is a list of various costs incurred in producing replacement automobile parts. With respect to the production and sale of these auto parts, classify each cost as either variable, fixed, or mixed. 1. Oil used in manufacturing equipment 2. Plastic 3. Property taxes, 165,000 per year on factory building and equipment 4. Salary of plant manager 5. Cost of labor for hourly workers 6. Packaging 7. Factory cleaning costs, 6,000 per month 8. Metal 9. Rent on warehouse, 10,000 per month plus 25 per square foot of storage used 10. Property insurance premiums, 3,600 per month plus 0.01 for each dollar of property over 1,200,000 11. Straight-line depreciation on the production equipment 12. Hourly wages of machine operators 13. Electricity costs, 0.20 per kilowatt-hour 14. Computer chip (purchased from a vendor) 15. Pension cost, 1.00 per employee hour on the jobDuring the week of June 12, Harrison Manufacturing produced and shipped 15,000 units of its aluminum wheels: 3,000 units of Model A and 12,000 units of Model B. The following costs were incurred: Required: 1. Assume initially that the value-stream costs and total units shipped apply only to one model (a single-product value stream). Calculate the unit cost, and comment on its accuracy. 2. Calculate the unit cost for Models A and B, and comment on its accuracy. Explain the rationale for using units shipped instead of units produced in the calculation. 3. What if Model A is responsible for 40 percent of the materials cost? Show how the unit cost would be adjusted for this condition.
- For E2-17, prepare any journal entries that would have been different if the only trigger points had been the purchase of materials and the sale of finished goods. Davis Co. uses backflush costing to account for its manufacturing costs. The trigger points are the purchase of materials, the completion of goods, and the sale of goods. Prepare journal entries to account for the following: a. Purchased raw materials, on account, 70,000. b. Requisitioned raw materials to production, 70,000. c. Distributed direct labor costs, 15,000. d. Factory overhead costs incurred, 45,000. (Use Various Credits for the account in the credit part of the entry.) e. Completed all of the production started. f. Sold the completed production for 195,000, on account. (Hint: Use a single account for raw materials and work in process.)SmokeCity, Inc., manufactures barbeque smokers. Based on past experience, SmokeCity has found that its total annual overhead costs can be represented by the following formula: Overhead cost = 543,000 + 1.34X, where X equals number of smokers. Last year, SmokeCity produced 20,000 smokers. Actual overhead costs for the year were as expected. Required: 1. What is the driver for the overhead activity? 2. What is the total overhead cost incurred by SmokeCity last year? 3. What is the total fixed overhead cost incurred by SmokeCity last year? 4. What is the total variable overhead cost incurred by SmokeCity last year? 5. What is the overhead cost per unit produced? 6. What is the fixed overhead cost per unit? 7. What is the variable overhead cost per unit? 8. Recalculate Requirements 5, 6, and 7 for the following levels of production: (a) 19,500 units and (b) 21,600 units. (Round your answers to the nearest cent.) Explain this outcome.National Co. produces small electric engines. It incurs the following costs for the year. Which of the following costs is not a variable product cost? Wages of the assembly-line workers Machine lubricant used in production activities Commissions paid to salespeople Engine casings used in production activities
- Ethan Manufacturing Incorporated produces floor mats for automobiles. The owner, Joseph Ethan, has asked you to assist in estimating maintenance costs. Together, you and Joseph determine that the single best cost driver for maintenance costs is machine hours. These data are from the previous fiscal year for maintenance costs and machine hours: Month Maintenance Costs Machine Hours 1 $ 2,780 1,870 2 2,940 1,950 3 3,090 2,030 4 3,200 2,050 5 3,280 2,080 6 3,250 2,060 7 3,190 2,040 8 3,030 2,020 9 2,800 1,880 10 2,400 1,280 11 2,410 1,480 12 2,630 1,770 Required: 1. What is the cost equation for maintenance costs using the high-low method? 2. Calculate the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the cost equation you developed in requirement 1.Joha, an accountant for Jones, Inc., has decided to estimate the fixed and variable components associated with the company's repair activity. The following data for the past few months has been collected: Repair Hours Total Repair Costs 20 $ 1,000 25 1,250 30 1,400 40 1,550 Required: Estimate the fixed and variable components for the repair costs using the high-low method. Using the cost formula, predict the total cost of repair if 10 hours are used.The management of Hamano Corporation would like for you to analyze their repair costs, which are listed below: Machine-Hours Repair Costs April 2,148 $ 33,102 May 2,177 $ 33,120 June 2,134 $ 33,097 July 2,214 $ 33,120 August 2,119 $ 33,030 September 2,230 $ 33,184 October 2,145 $ 33,071 November 2,225 $ 33,157 Management believes that repair cost is a mixed cost that depends on the number of machine-hours. Using the least-squares regression method, the estimates of the variable and fixed components of repair cost would be closest to: Multiple Choice $1.25 per machine-hour plus $30,387 per month $0.80 per machine-hour plus $31,953 per month $0.98 per machine-hour plus $30,978 per month 15.00 per machine-hour plus $33,917 per month
- Markowis Corp. has collected the following data concerning its maintenance costs for the past 6 months.July August September October November DecemberUnits Produced18,000 32,000 36,000 22,000 40,000 38,000Total Cost$36,000 48,000 55,000 38,000 74,500 62,000Compute the variable- and fixed-cost elements using the high-low method.Hicks Contracting collects and analyzes cost data in order to track the cost of installing decks on new home construction jobs. The following are some of the costs that they incur. Classify these costs as fixed or variable costs and as product or period costs. A. Lumber used to construct decks ($12.00 per square foot) B. Carpenter labor used to construct decks ($10 per hour) C. Construction supervisor salary ($45,000 per year) D. Depreciation on tools and equipment ($6,000 per year) E. Selling and administrative expenses ($35,000 per year) F. Rent on corporate office space ($34,000 per year) G. Nails, glue, and other materials required to construct deck (varies per job)Sardi Inc. is considering whether to continue to make a component or to buy it from an outside supplier. The company uses 13,100 of the components each year. The unit product cost of the component according to the company's cost accounting system is given as follows: Direct materials $ 8.90 Direct labor 5.90 Variable manufacturing overhead 1.70 Fixed manufacturing overhead 3.70 Unit product cost $ 20.20 Assume that direct labor is a variable cost. Of the fixed manufacturing overhead, 20% is avoidable if the component were bought from the outside supplier. In addition, making the component uses 2 minutes on the machine that is the company's current constraint. If the component were bought, time would be freed up for use on another product that requires 4 minutes on this machine and that has a contribution margin of $5.30 per unit. When deciding whether to make or buy the component, what cost of making the component should be compared to the…