Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and the DNA of free-living photosynthesizing bacteria called cyanobacteria have been found to share a high number of similarities. Which of the following claims best supports this finding? A B с D Chloroplasts act as a reserve for some of the extra cpDNA of the cell. Chloroplasts are believed to have originated from an endosymbiosis event. Chloroplasts have the capacity to exist as free-living bacteria outside of the cell. Chloroplasts and cyanobacteria evolved independently.

Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and the DNA of free-living photosynthesizing bacteria called cyanobacteria have been found to share a high number of similarities. Which of the following claims best supports this finding? A B с D Chloroplasts act as a reserve for some of the extra cpDNA of the cell. Chloroplasts are believed to have originated from an endosymbiosis event. Chloroplasts have the capacity to exist as free-living bacteria outside of the cell. Chloroplasts and cyanobacteria evolved independently.

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter28: Seedless Plants

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2ITD

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Under the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of the eukaryotic cell. The ancestor of mitochondria and chloroplasts original became part of mutualism with a larger host cell. Which of the following best explains this mutualism? A) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided specialized reproduction as part of the proto-germ line while the larger host cell provided energy for growth and reproduction. B) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided gene products that could be used by the larger host cell for improved parasitization. C) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided molecular energy in return for protection by the larger host cell. D) The mitochondria and chloroplasts produce toxins that the larger cell utilized to defend itself from other cells mutually increasing the defense of all those involved.
Which of the following observations constitutes evidence that mitochondria evolved before chloroplasts? Mitochondria are aerobic. Chloroplasts are photosynthetic. Aerobic bacteria evolved before photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacteria). Some protists have separately evolved their own plastids (chloroplast-like structures) through endosymbiosis of cyanobacteria, or even through endosymbiosis of photosynthetic protists. All Eukaryotes have mitochondria; only a subset of Eukaryotes have chloroplasts.
Which of the following provide evidence for an endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts? Choose all the correct statements. Group of answer choices They are about the same size as free-living cyanobacteria and alpha proteobacteria. The nuclear membrane of eukaryotes is similar to the archaean cell membrane. Organelle genes are often more similar to bacterial genes than those of their eukaryotic host. These organelles have their own circular genomic DNA.
which of the following are evidence that chloroplasts and mitochondria originated by endosymbiosis? A they have bacterial type DNA molecules, to cyanobacteria and Rickettsiarespectively B. they have bacterial type ribosomes c. chloroplasts and mitochondria replicate independently from the cell (they are "semiindependent) D. All of the above e. None the above Find the mismatched pair. A. Prokaryotic Organisms --Naked DNA in space denominated the nucleoid B. Eukaryotic Organisms-genomic DNA c. Prokaryotic Diganismspolycistronic is unmodified prior to translation D. Eukaryotic Organisms-monocistronic mRNA is modified before being translated E. Prokaryotic Organisms-generaly interrupted by introns (non-protein-coding sequences)
According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, how did chloroplasts originate? -by tertiary endosymbiosis -through secondary endosymbiosis -from the nuclear envelope folding outward and forming mitochondrial membranes -from infoldings of the plasma membrane, coupled with mutations of genes for oxygen-using metabolism -through primary endosymbiosis
Which of the following is not true concerning the mitochondria and chloroplasts and is not evidence in support of the Endosymbiotic Theory? Both divide independently of the eukaryotic cell they are within Both contain their own DNA in a single, circular chromosome Both can survive independently when removed from a eukaryotic cell Both are about the same size as a bacteria
What is the endosymbiotic hypothesis for the originof mitochondria and chloroplasts? What evidencesupports this hypothesis?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain some DNA, which more closely resembles prokaryotic DNA than (eukaryotic) nuclear DNA. Use this information to suggest how eukaryotes may have originated.
Chloroplast genomes have sequence homology to cyanobacteria genomes. (True or false)
All living things are divided into three domains: bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. They have several traits that are specific to each domain or shared across the domains. Based on this information, what traits would the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) be expected to have? A. Nuclear envelope, introns in genes, and peptidoglycan in cell walls. B. Histones associated with DNA, circular chromosome, and peptidoglycan in cell walls. C. Unbranched hydrocarbons in membrane lipids, histones associated with DNA, and introns in genes. D. Circular chromosome, unbranched hydrocarbons in membrane lipids, and one kind of RNA polymerase.
The endosymbiont theory states that mitochondria andchloroplasts evolved from symbiotic relationshipsestablished between bacteria-like cells and theprecursors of eukaryotic cells that engulfed them on what basis
Volvox carteri, an volvocine alga, has approximately 2000 somatic cells and only 16 reproductive or germ line cells. The observation that multicellular individuals, like Volvox, have a much smaller subset of germ line cells compared to somatic cells appears to be general rule. Which of the following is the best evolutionary explanation for why this is the case? A) Organisms can biologically only contain a small number of germ line cells as they are always larger than somatic cells. B) Multicellular individuals with a germ line vs. somatic cell line differentiation only evolved a single time, thus all members of this lineage share the same scheme of more soma cells with a much smaller subset of germ line cells. C) Having a smaller subset of reproductive cells helps reduce the likelihood of cheating from evolving, which in turns prevents the collapse of the multicellular individual system. D) None of the above.