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- 8.51 Suppose that three unknown pure substances are liquids at room temperature. You determine that the boiling point of substance A is 53°C, that of substance B is 117°C, and that of substance C is 77°C. Based on this information, rank the three substances in order of their vapor pressures at room temperature.How does the boiling of a liquid differ from its evaporation?Which contains the compounds listed correctly in order of increasing boiling points? (a) N2CS2H2OKCl (b) H2ON2CS2KCl (c) N2KClCS2H2O (d) CS2N2KClH2O (e) KClH2OCS2N2
- Indicate whether each of the following statements concerning boiling or boiling point is true or false. a. The process of boiling is a form of evaporation. b. The boiling point of a liquid heated in an open container is determined by atmospheric pressure. c. The normal boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which it boils when the liquid is at sea level. d. At a pressure of 760 mm Hg, all liquids boil at the same temperature.Consider the following electrostatic potential diagrams: Rank the compounds from lowest to highest boiling point and explain your answer.Identify two common observations indicating some liquids have sufficient vapor pressures to noticeably evaporate?
- Classify each of the following statements as true or false. a Intermolecular attractions are stronger in liquids than in gases. b Substances with weak intermolecular attractions generally have low vapor pressures. c Liquids with high molar heats of vaporization usually are more viscous than liquids with low molar heats of vaporization. d A substance with a relatively high surface tension usually has a very low boiling point. e All other things being equal, hydrogen bonds are weaker than induced dipole or dipole forces. f Induced dipole forces become very strong between large molecules. g Other things being equal, nonpolar molecules have stronger intermolecular attractions than polar molecules. h The essential feature of a dynamic equilibrium is that the rates of opposing changes are equal. i Equilibrium vapor pressure depends on the concentration of a vapor above its own liquid. j The heat of vaporization is equal to the heat of fusion, but with opposite sign. k The boiling point of a liquid is a fixed property of the liquid. l If you break shatter an amorphous solid, it will break in straight lines, but if you break a crystalline solid, it will break in curved lines. m Ionic crystals are seldom soluble in water. n Molecular crystals are nearly always soluble in water. o The numerical value of heat of vaporization is always larger than the numerical value of heat of condensation. p The units of heat of fusion are kJ/gC. q The temperature of water drops while it is freezing. r Specific heat is conerned with a change in temperature.Which compound would you expect to have the highest boiling point? Why? a.H2Ob.H2Sc.HClIn each of the following groups of substances, pick the one that has the given property. Justify your answer. a. highest boiling point: HBr, Kr, or Cl2 b. highest freezing point: H2O, NaCl, or HF c. lowest vapor pressure at 25C: Cl2, Br2, or I2 d. lowest freezing point: N2, CO, or CO2 e. lowest boiling point: CH4, CH3CH3, or CH3CH2CH3 f. highest boiling point: HF, HCl, or HBr g.
