Question in photo Chromosome from an A1 cow:3'5'Microsatellite 412A100Beta casein A13'5'AThe same locus, but from an A2 cow's chromosome:3'5'Microsatellite 412A150Beta casein A23'5'a. You have a cow that produces A1 milk and has the following genotype: 412A100 BCA1/ 412A100the A2 cow's genotype is: 412A150 BCA2/cow that produces A2BCA1. This412A150 BCA2.mates withi.What is the genotype of the F1?ii.If you copy the microsatellite from the two parent cows and the F1 cow, what bandingpattern (DNA fragments) will you see from each sample? Draw the DNA fragments on thegel below, remembering that smaller (shorter) DNA fragments are found towards thebottom of the gel compared to longer DNA fragments.F1 (A1A1parentA2 parentphenotype)topbottom 4. Examine the figure below showing the location of a microsatellite (called 412A) and the beta caseingene on chromosome 3, from cows. There are two alleles of the microsatellite that exist in thepopulation: 412A100 and 412A150, The 100 and 150 represent the number of repeat units in themicrosatellite. There are two alleles of the beta casein gene: BCA1 and BCA2. The two BCA allelesdiffer by a single nucleotide in the coding region. The difference results in a change in the proteinsuch that the beta casein protein from BCA2 is more easily broken-down during digestion, makingthe milk more digestible than milk containing BCA1 proteins, for some people.In the figure below we see a predicted chromosomal map indicating the microsatellite and beta caseingenes. The arrows show the region of DNA that will be copied to assess the microsatellite genotypes.The bolded "A" and "C" below the beta casein gene shows the nucleotide that differs between the twoalleles.

First of all DNA is broken down with the help of certain specific restriction endonucleases into DNA…

Chromosome from an A1 cow: 3' 5' Microsatellite 412A100 Beta casein A1 3' 5' A The same locus, but from an A2 cow's chromosome: 3' 5' Microsatellite 412A150 Beta casein A2 3' 5' C a. You have a cow that produces A1 milk and has the following genotype: 412A100 BCA1/ 412A BCA1. This cow mates with a cow that produces A2 milk, the A2 cow's genotype is: 412A150 BCA2/ 412A150 BCA2. 100 i. What is the genotype of the F1? ii. If you copy the microsatellite from the two parent cows and the F1 cow, what banding pattern (DNA fragments) will you see from each sample? Draw the DNA fragments on the sel below romombering that cmaller (chortor) DNA fragments ar found to wardc tho

Chromosome from an A1 cow: 3' 5' Microsatellite 412A100 Beta casein A1 3' 5' A The same locus, but from an A2 cow's chromosome: 3' 5' Microsatellite 412A150 Beta casein A2 3' 5' C a. You have a cow that produces A1 milk and has the following genotype: 412A100 BCA1/ 412A BCA1. This cow mates with a cow that produces A2 milk, the A2 cow's genotype is: 412A150 BCA2/ 412A150 BCA2. 100 i. What is the genotype of the F1? ii. If you copy the microsatellite from the two parent cows and the F1 cow, what banding pattern (DNA fragments) will you see from each sample? Draw the DNA fragments on the sel below romombering that cmaller (chortor) DNA fragments ar found to wardc tho

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter22: The Evolution Of Primates

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 18TYU

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5. A haplotype is a specific set of SNPs and other genetic variants observed on a single chromosome or part of a chromosome, as compared between individuals in a population. Shown below are eight DNA sequences from different individuals: Nucleotide Position 1 5 10 15 Sequence 1. TCTGGAT CAT CACAT Sequence 2. ACAGCAT CATIA CGT Sequence 3. TCAGGAT CATIA CAT. Sequence 4. TCAGGAT CATI A CAT. Sequence 5. ACAGCATCATI ACGT Sequence 6. TCT G GAT CAT CACAT Sequence 7. TCAGGAT CATI A CAT. Luis Pagoada Sequence 8. ACAGCAT CAT IACGT. a. Give the nucleotide positions of all single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; nucleotide positions where individuals vary in which base is present) in these sequences. b. How many different haplotypes (sets of linked variants) are found in these eight sequences?
1. The first genetic test developed for this disease took advantage of a large family of over 2,000 individuals who lived along Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela. These family members, some with and some without Huntington’s disease, could all trace their ancestry to a single female who settled in the region a number of generations ago.Genomic DNA from family members with and without Huntington’s disease was cut with a set of enzymes that make reproducible cuts at known DNA sequences. These DNA fragments were run on a DNA gel to see which fragments correlated with the presence of Huntington’s disease. a) How might the large number (over 2,000) of family members who have a common ancestor who suffered from Huntington’s disease make it easy to narrow down the gene location of the Huntington’s locus (compared to doing the same experiment with a small family descended from a Huntington’s sufferer)?
1. A newly discovered species of dung beetle has 2n = 16 chromosomes. It mates with a closely related beetle species that has 2n = 12 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would there be in an allotriploid beetle produced from this cross? *goes with image 1* 1. The Cavendish banana (genome = AAA), the variety most often sold in grocery stores, has what type of genome? (indicate the ploidy and if its an auto- or allo-) 2. Some bananas have genome AAB, which is an example of which kind of polyploidy? (indicate the ploidy and if its an auto- or allo-) *goes with image 2* 1. Which species of bacteria is not a heterotroph? (choose all that apply) 2. Which two species contain more cytoplasmic phospholipid membranes than the others? (choose 2) 3. Which species is capable of directed movement?(choose 1) 4. Which species have a cell wall that consists partly of an outer membrane of lipopolysaccharide? (choose all that apply) 5. Species 4 is pathogenic if it gains access to the human…
2)A,B,C, and D are genes linked on the same chromosome. Given the following recombination frequencies, what is the gene order? A-B 15%, B-C 26%, C-D 30%, A-C 11%,A-D 19%, and B-D 4%.
When two protein-coding genes have very similar nucleotide sequences and are located right next to each other on a chromosome, we can hypothesize that: a. one of them is a duplicate of the other, copied by aretrotransposon. b. they are nonhomologous. c. one of them is a pseudogene. d. they were produced by unequal crossing-over. e. they are transcribed in the same cell types.
7. Why recombinant DNA is very useful in improving our health conditions?A. Human insulin can be reproduced by bacteria?B. Vaccine can be reproduced by fungi or bacteriaC. Human growth hormone can be obtained from E. ColiD. All of the above 8. Which of the following is/are example of genetic engineering?A. A farmer choose a breed of cow for greater milk production.B. The use of bacteria in order to produce human insulinC. The insertion of clone genes to plant cellsD. Cross pollination of squash flowers. 9. Bacterial cells as host organisms may expose the gene to make protein products such as insulin and growth hormone . Which of the following processes are involved?A. replication and transcription. B. Transcription and replication C. Transcription and transformation. D. Replication and transformation
6) If you had the ability to do gene editing with ONE gene for the betterment of human kind, which one would you choose, and why? Assume you could either change an abnormal allele associated with a disease, such as the cystin gene associated with Cystic Fibrosis to its normal wild type, or add a pre-existing human allele to a genome
1. What are the considerations we need to consider in introducing recombinant DNA in plant calli and in animal cell lines? (Give at least three considerations) Explain and answer this comprehensively.
8. Using recombinant DNA techniques (which willbe described in Chapter 9), it is possible to take theDNA of a gene from any source and place it on achromosome in the nucleus of a yeast cell. Whenyou take the DNA for a human gene and put it into ayeast cell chromosome, the altered yeast cell canmake the human protein. But when you remove theDNA for a gene normally present on yeast mitochondrial chromosomes and put it on a yeast chromosome inthe nucleus, the yeast cell cannot synthesize the correctprotein, even though the gene comes from the sameorganism. Explain. What would you need to do to ensurethat such a yeast cell could make the correct protein?
1. a) If you were at risk of a fatal disease such as Huntington’s disease and only the 95% accurate preliminary genetic test was available, would you take the test? After all, 95% of the time the test would tell you whether you would eventually get Huntington’s disease or whether you did not have to worry about getting this disease. b) The linkage distance between the DNA sequence used in the test and the actual Huntington’ disease locus was 5%. In a large sample of the Venezuelan family, what percentage of people would inherit the DNA sequence but not the Huntington’s allele (i.e. be a false positive test for Huntington’s)? What percentage of that large Venezuelan family would not inherit the DNA sequence but would inherit the Huntington’s allele (i.e., be a false negative test for Huntington’s)?
1. The simplest mobile elements in bacteria are called ___________________.A. insertion sequencesB. genesC. transposonsD. transposasesE. none of the above 2. ______________ worked in the area of chromosome biology using maize and suggested segments of the chromosome could "jump" to another location.A. Barbara HersheyB. Martha ChaseC. Barbara McClintockD. Rosalind FranklinE. None of the above 3. Transposition is a process in which a discrete DNA entity can move between DNA sites that lack homology using a self-encoded protein called a _______________.A. recombinaseB.kinaseC. transposaseD. mobilaseE. none of the above
1. (a) duplicated genes that have lost their function orthologous genes paralogous genes pseudogenes all of these (b) effect of gene duplication that have different function orthologous genes paralogous genes pseudogenes all of these