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Name: 21 Complete the table below by indicating the components of the feedba
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Description: 21 Complete the table below by indicating the components of the feedback mechanisms for each given situation.Low blood sugar levelG-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRS)ComponentsHigh blood sugar levelsensorG-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRS)control cent

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter4: Principles Of Neural And Hormonal Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 18RE

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Second-messenger systems ultimately bring about the desired cell response by inducing a change in the shape and function of particular designated intracellular proteins. (True or false?)
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Describe three ways in which a gradual increase inan extracellular signal can be sharpened by the target cellto produce an abrupt or nearly all-or-none response.
Someone goes for a jog first thing in the morning and encounters a squadron of javelinas, causing a release of epinephrine. Some of this circulating epinephrine binds to a G-alpha-s coupled receptor (GPCR) on the surface of muscle cells. Which of the following would occur in the muscle cell as a result of this activation? Nitric oxide synthesis would increase. cyclic AMP (cAMP) activity would increase. Phospholipase C (PLC) would hydrolyze (cut) the molecule PIP2. The levels of adenylate cyclase activity would decrease. The levels of adenylate cyclase activity would decrease. Which ligand is CORRECTLY matched with its characteristic? Group of answer choices Glucagon: stimulates the activation of the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway Nitric oxide (NO): must bind to its target protien withn a few seconds because NO degrades rapidly Steroid hormone: produces a response in its target cells within seconds Acetylcholine: hydrophobic molecule that binds to…
. Compare and contrast signalling through a ligand-gated ion channel and a G-protein coupled receptor, using specific examples.
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Suppose that a G protein undergoes a mutation that allows the exchange of bound GTP for GDP to occur in the absence of G protein binding to a receptor. How might this mutation affect signaling involving a GPCR? Which subunit of the G protein is most likely affected by the mutation?
Briefly describe the effects of positive and negative feedback loops on signalling pathway responses. How do the two loops functionally differ when pathway input stimulus shifts from present to absent? Please keep brief - 4 sentences/dot points max.
Which of the following steps amplify the epinephrine signal response in cells: receptor activation of G protein, G protein activation of adenylyl cyclase, cAMP activation of PKA, or PKA phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase kinase (GPK)? Which change will have a greater effect on signal amplification: an increase in the number of epinephrine receptors or an increase in the number of Gαs proteins?
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Identify molecule (5) in this diagram which illustrates hormonal regulation (A) phosphodiesterase (B) adenylate cyclase (C) phosphoinositol phosphate (D) phospholipase C (E) protein kinase A (F) protein kinase C (G) inositol triphosphate (H) diacylglycerol (I) calmodulin