Consider a closed economy where the goods and money markets are described by the following relationships:C500+ 0.8 (Y-T)I= 500 10rMPa)0.1Y35rG = 800T = 200M = 1000P = 2Where C is planned consumption, I is planned investment spending, T is government tax revenues, G isgovernment purchases, M is the money supply, P is the price level and r is the interest rate.b) Calculate the equilibrium value of output Y and interest rate r (round off your answers to one decimal point).mpute also the level of consumption and investment spending in equilibrium and check whether the actuallevel of spending matches the equilibrium level of output.e) Suppose that, instead of relying on monetary policy, the government intends to take an active role inrestoring the economy to the original equilibrium by pursuing an expansionary fiscal policy. How much shouldgovernment spending change by? With the help of graphs, explain very carefully, the impact of this policy onthe economy.f) An economist approaches you and states that, actually, your analysis in e) is incorrect and that the increase ingovernment spending (or, equivalently, a cut in taxes) is unlikely to lead to any increase in output neither inthe short nor in the long-run. How can you explain such a statement from the economist? Explain carefully.g) Suppose that taxes are not exogenous as suggested at the beginning of this task but, rather, endogenous andthat they are proportional to the income earned by households according to the following expression: T = tywhere 0 < t < 1 is the tax rate. In words, describe how this change would affect your IS/LM model and theequilibrium in the economy. Compute again the equilibrium output and interest rate you computed in b) butby assuming that taxes are now proportional to income and that the tax rate is 8% (t = 0.08). Comment onyour findings.

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Consider a closed economy where the goods and money markets are described by the following relationships: C = 500+ 0.8 (Y-T) I= 500 10r M P a) = 0.1Y - 35r G = 800 T = 200 M = 1000 P = 2 Where C is planned consumption, I is planned investment spending, T is government tax revenues, G is government purchases, M is the money supply, P is the price level and r is the interest rate. b) Calculate the equilibrium value of output Y and interest rate r (round off your answers to one decimal point). Compute also the level of consumption and investment spending in equilibrium and check whether the actual level of spending matches the equilibrium level of output.

Consider a closed economy where the goods and money markets are described by the following relationships: C = 500+ 0.8 (Y-T) I= 500 10r M P a) = 0.1Y - 35r G = 800 T = 200 M = 1000 P = 2 Where C is planned consumption, I is planned investment spending, T is government tax revenues, G is government purchases, M is the money supply, P is the price level and r is the interest rate. b) Calculate the equilibrium value of output Y and interest rate r (round off your answers to one decimal point). Compute also the level of consumption and investment spending in equilibrium and check whether the actual level of spending matches the equilibrium level of output.

Macroeconomics

13th Edition

ISBN:9781337617390

Author:Roger A. Arnold

Publisher:Roger A. Arnold

Chapter14: Money And The Economy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2QP

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Consider a macroeconomic model for an open economy with the government. Consumption is given by C = 250 + bYd, where b = 0.8, Yd = (1-t)Y, and t = 0.1. Investment is given by I = 1,200 – 2,000R, and net export is given by X = 525 – 0.1Y – 500R. Assume that G = 1,200. Money demand is given by (Md/P) = 0.1283Y – 1,000R. Assume that P = 1, and the fixed money supply is given by (Ms/P) = 900. Drive the expression for the IS curve from the model. Drive the expression for the LM curve from the model. Drive the IS-LM equilibrium from the model.
In a small closed economy, its aggregate demand and output are given as the equations below, Y = C + I + G; national output or GDP. C = 100 + 0.5(Y-T); consumption, marginal propensity to consume MPC = 0.5. I = 150 – 10*r; investment is a negative function of real interest rate (r as %). (M/P)d = Y – 20*r; real money demand which is adjusted by price level (inflation). G = 200; as government spending. T = 200; as tax. M = 2,400; as money supply. P = 4; the price level. (1) With the equations above, try to derive the IS curve. Tip: recall IS curve represent the relation between national output (Y) and real interest rate (r) in goods market. To derive IS curve, you need to put all components of Y together and find its connection with r. (2) Use the same equations, now try to derive the LM curve. Tip: recall LM curve represent the relation between national output (Y) and real interest rate (r) in money market. So to derive LM curve, you need to consider money supply and demand.…
IS-LM model is defined via seven equations given below: C=15+0.8(Y-T) T= -25+0.25Y I=65-R G=94 X=50-10-0.1Y L=5Y-50R M=1500 C: Consumption, Y: Income, T: Tax, I: Investment, R: Interest Rate, G: Government Expenditure, X: Net Exports, L: Money Demand and M: Money Supply. Solve this system for Y and R in the matrix format by reducing it to IS and LM equations. Calculate government and trade deficits. Note that IS-LM structure is based on Y and R.
Consider following IS-LM model: C = 200 + 0.25 · YD I = 150 + 0. 25 · Y – 1, 000 · i G = 250 T = 200 D M = 2 · Y – 8, 000 · i M = 1,600 P e) Solve for the equilibrium values of C and I! f) Solve for the equilibrium values of Y, i, C and I, if the money suppl increases to 1,840! g) Solve for the equilibrium values of Y, i, C and I, if government spending increases to 400 (the money supply is 1,600)!
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Consider a scenario of a closed economy in the short run where price level is fixed. Assume that both taxes and money supply increase in a way that keep output constant in equilibrium (suppose that the marginal propensity to consume is less than one). Which of the following may result from the policy change? a) It will lead to an increase in investment but a decrease in consumption.b) It will result in an increase in investment but a decrease in government spending.c) It will lead to an increase in investment and private saving.d) It will decrease investment but increase in public saving.
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Consumption function C=250+0.6(Y-T) Investment I=100-20r Money demand function (M/P)=Y-20r a. Government purchases and taxes are both 100. In the accompanying diagram, graph the IS curve for r ranging from 0 to 8 by dragging and dropping the end points to the correct locations. b. The money supply M is 2,875 and the price level P is 5. In the accompanying diagram, graph the LM curve for r ranging from 0 to 8 by dragging and dropping the end points to the correct locations. c. Find the equilibrium interest rate, r, and the equilibrium level of income Y.
Consider the monetary intertemporal model. Payments can be made with either credit cards or with money, and we denote the amount of transactions in real terms with credit cards as X. The bank is willing to supply credit card services as a function of Xs(q) where q is the cost per unit of credit. The money supply is given by Ms and the goods market and the labour market are as we described in the real intertemporal model Assume that the government introduces a tax on credit card services. That is, if a consumer or a firm holds a credit card balance of X, they are taxed tX where t is the tax rate. Determine the effects on the equilibriums price and the quantity of credit card services, the demand for money, and the price level
Assume a closed economy described by an IS-LM model and illustrate with diagrams under which conditions it would be preferable to keep the interest rate constant, and under which other conditions it would instead be preferable to keep the monetary base at a given level.
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