Consider a labor market where the matching function UV is given by H (U,V) = A, where A=0.5. U+V' There are U = 3 job seekers and V = 6 job openings. The probability for a job seeker to find a job in a given period of time is Round your answers to 2 decimal places (for example, 3.454 should be rounded down to 3.45, and 3.455 should be rounded up to 3.46).
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- Suppose a country has 100 million inhabitants. The population can be divided into the employed, the unemployed, and the persons who are out of the labor force (OLF). In any given year, the transition probabilities among the various categories are given by Moving into: Employed Unemployed OLF Moving from: Employed Unemployed OLF 0.94 0.20 0.05 0.02 0.65 0.03 0.04 0.15 0.92 These transition probabilities are interpreted as follows. In any given year, 2 percent of the workers who are employed become unemployed; 20 percent of the workers who are unemployed find jobs, and so on. What will be the steady-state unemployment rate?Consider a person with the following value function under prospect theory: v(w) = w1/2 when w > 0 = -4(-w)1/2 when w < 0 Part a. Is this individual loss-averse? Explain. Part b. Assume that this individual weights values by probabilities, instead of using a prospect theory weighting function. Which of the following prospects would be preferred? P1(.8, 1,000, -400) P2(.7, 2,500, -600) P3(.6, 2,000, -1,000), and you are considering a self-employment opportunity that may pay $10,000 per year or $40,000 per year with equal probabilities. What certain income would provide the same satisfaction as the expected utility from the self-employed position? a) $22,500 b) $15,000 c) $27,500 d) $25,00
- D. If TB > TA then Type B will get more education, otherwise Type A will definitely getmore education. Discuss.E. Assume that the mean wage in Industry 1 is greater than the mean wage in Industry 2,but the variance of wages in Industry 1 is much larger than that in Industry 2. Assumealso that if you get an education you must work in Industry 1(i.e., the human capitalaccumulated is industry specific). What effect(s) might that have on the choices ofType A and Type B individuals regarding their education.F. If αA is much larger than αB, then there is nothing the government can do to induceType B individuals to go to school beyond high school.G. Discuss briefly how your answer to E change if the human capital was not entirelyindustry specific.Suppose that Mira has a utility function given by U=2I+10√I. She is considering two job opportunities. The first job pays a salary of $40,000 for sure. The second job pays a base salary of $20,000 but offers the possibility of a $40,000 bonus on top of your base salary. She believes that there is a probability of p=0.50 that she will earn the bonus. What is the expected salary of the second job? Which offer gives Mira a higher expected utility? Based on this information, is Mira risk adverse, risk neutral, or risk-loving?Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion 1. If wH=100 and wL=36 and U(w)=w^1/2. Further, let the reservation utility be 7. (a) What is the minimum probability for which the wage earner accepts the contract? (b)Let p=3/4. What is the maximum cost of effort for which the tenant accepts the contract?
- Prospect Z = ($7 , 0.25 ; $19 , 0.50 ; $26 , 0.25) If Anna's utility of wealth function is given by u(x)=x, what is the value of CE(Z) for Anna? (In other words, what is Anna's certainty equivalent for prospect Z?) (Note: The answer may not be a whole number; please round to the nearest hundredth) (Note: The numbers may change between questions, so read carefully)A firm's board of directors wants to maximize its profits. If the firm's manager puts in a high effort, the firm gets a high profit of 9 with probability 80%, but if the manager puts in a low effort, the firm gets a low profit of 4 with probability 80%. The utility functions of both the board of directors and the manager are identical and are simply u(b)-b. High effort for the manager costs 2. The manaаger has an outside wage of 1. Calculate the optimal wage schedule under high and low realized profits.Tom, who has a utility-of-wealth function U(w) = ln(w + 10), has $500 of income before tax and is taxed at a rate of 25% of earned income. If he is caught underreporting his income he will have to pay the taxes owed and in addition will pay a fine of $2 for every dollar of income he failed to report. How much income will he conceal (i.e., fail to report) if the probability of being caught is 0.1? Also find the market opportunity line and determine the minimum amount of fine such that there is no tax evasion at all.
- There are 50 workers in the economy in which all workers must choose to work a safe or a risky job. When it comes to accepting a risky job, Worker 1’s reservation price is $5; worker 2’s reservation price is $6, worker 3's reservation wage is $7, and so on. Assume there are exactly 12 risky jobs. (a) What is the equilibrium wage differential between safe and risky jobs? Which workers will be employed at the risky firm? (b) Suppose now that an advertising campaign, paid for by the employers who offer risky jobs, stresses the excitement associated with “the thrill of injury,” and this campaign changes the attitudes of the work force toward being employed in a risky job. Worker 1 now has a reservation price of $1, worker 2’s reservation price is $2, and so on. There are still only 12 risky jobs. What is the new equilibrium wage differential? c) What is the maximum the firm should be willing to pay for its ad campaign?You have the following equation relating job risk R to wages W: W = .01*R + XB, where XB indicates control for the following confounders: education, job experience, and income. Assume W= annual wages=50,000 A. If the change in R = a 1 in 10,000 higher chance of death in a year, how much more would an individual need to be paid to be willing to assume this risk? B. What is the implied statistical value of a year of life based on this model? C. What do you think would happen to the estimated relationship between R and W if none of the three confounders were included in this model? Explain.How can we differentiate between the hypothesis that education increases productivity and the hypothesis that education is a signal for the worker’s innate ability?