Consider a sample with M = 16 and s2 = 25. A researcher is testing the null hypothesis that µ = 20. Which statement is correct? Group of answer choices The treatment has a large effect size (Cohen’s d). The treatment has a moderate effect size (Cohen’s d). The treatment has a small effect size (Cohen’s d). The treatment has a statistically significant effect.
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- What is an experiment?Recall that small effects may be statistically significant if the samples are large. A study of small-business failures looked at 150 food-and-drink businesses. Of these, 104 were headed by men and 46 were headed by women. During a three-year period, 13 of the men's businesses and 8 of the women's businesses failed. Give the P-value for the z test of the hypothesis that the same proportion of women's and men's businesses fail. (Use the two-sided alternative.) The test is very far from being significant. (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your P-value to four decimal places.) z= p-value = (b) Now suppose that the same sample proportions came from a sample of 30 times as large. That is, 240 out of 1380 business headed by women and 390 out of 3120 businesses headed by men fail. Verify that the proportions of failures are exactly the same as in (a). Repeat the z test for the new data, and show that it is now more significant. (Round your test statistic to two decimal…Make a statistical decision about the null. Will you reject or fail to reject the null based on your sample data? (Assume alpha (α) is .05 for this study.) What do your results mean in words a layman would understand. Calculate the effect size (r2). Interpret r2 in the context of this research. Calculate Cohen’s d for the context of this study. Interpret what Cohen’s d means in the context of the study.
- You are conducting a study to see if the proportion of men over 50 who regularly have their prostate examined is significantly different from 0.44. You use a significance level of α=0.05α=0.05. H0:p=0.44H0:p=0.44 H1:p≠0.44H1:p≠0.44You obtain a sample of size n=298n=298 in which there are 153 successes.What is the p-value for this sample? (Report answer accurate to four decimal places.)p-value = The p-value is... less than (or equal to) αα greater than αα This p-value leads to a decision to... reject the null accept the null fail to reject the null As such, the final conclusion is that... There is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the proportion of men over 50 who regularly have their prostate examined is different from 0.44. There is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the proportion of men over 50 who regularly have their prostate examined is different from 0.44. The sample data support the claim that the…Two separate samples receive two different treatments. The first treatment group (N = 9) has a mean of 50 with SS = 710. The second treatment group (N = 6) has a mean of 60 with SS = 460. Is the second treatment group significantly larger than the first? What is the effect size?Q2: Placebo effect of exercise Imagine that Crum and Langer were able to repeat their study from Q1 above, but this time adding a third group of workers that was given only half of the information compared to the original treatment group. Now the experiment has three groups: the Full treatment group, the Half treatment group and the Control group. They wish to apply a statistical method to test whether the level of information provided is associated with a change in the workers' average BMI four weeks later. a. What is the most appropriate statistical method to answer this question, and why? Provide as many details as possible to justify your choice, using appropriate statistical terminology. b. Write a description of an appropriate null hypothesis in words for the test you described in part 2a above. c. Next, we examine a different exercise placebo experiment published by Desharnais et al. (1993). The following graph shows average self-esteem reported by a treatment group (EXPERIM)…
- Casey is a statistics student who is conducting a one-sample z‑test for a population proportion p using a significance level of a=. Her null (H0) and alternative (Ha) hypotheses are H0:p=0.094Ha:p≠0.094 The standardized test statistic is z = 1.40. What is the P-value of the test? P-value =You are conducting a study to see if the proportion of men over 50 who regularly have their prostate examined is significantly different from 0.25. You use a significance level of α=0.01α=0.01. H0:p=0.25H0:p=0.25 H1:p≠0.25H1:p≠0.25You obtain a sample of size n=687n=687 in which there are 143 successes.What is the test statistic for this sample? (Report answer accurate to three decimal places.)test statistic = What is the p-value for this sample? (Report answer accurate to four decimal places.)p-value =Two separate samples receive two different treatments. The first sample has n=9 with M=50 and SS=710. And the second sample has n=6 with M=37 and SS=460. Are there significant treatment differences between these two samples? Use a=.05
- You are conducting a study to see if the proportion of women over 40 who regularly have mammograms is significantly different from 0.15. You use a significance level of α=0.002α=0.002. H0:p=0.15H0:p=0.15 H1:p≠0.15H1:p≠0.15You obtain a sample of size n=319n=319 in which there are 44 successes.What is the test statistic for this sample? (Report answer accurate to three decimal places.)test statistic = What is the p-value for this sample? (Report answer accurate to four decimal places.)p-value =A group of researchers wants to know whether men (population 1) are more likely than women (population 2) to contract a novel coronavirus. They surveyed two random samples of 490 men and 480 women who were tested and found that 52 men and 91 women in the samples tested positive. Can you conclude that the proportion of positive tests among men is less than the proportion of positive tests among women? Use level of significance 5%. Procedure: Select an answer Step 1. Hypotheses Set-Up: where Select an answer the Ho: Select an answer Select an answer and the units are Select an answer Ha: Select an answer , and the test is Select an answer Step 2. The significance level a (Round the answer to 3 Step 3. Compute the value of the test statistic: Select an answer decimal places) Step 4. Testing Procedure: (Round the answers to 3 decimal places) CVA PVA Provide the critical value(s) for the Rejection Region: Compute the P-value of the test statistic: left CV is and right CV is P-value is Step…You are conducting a study to see if the proportion of men over 50 who regularly have their prostate examined is significantly different from 0.14. You use a significance level of α=0.10α=0.10. H0:p=0.14H0:p=0.14 H1:p≠0.14H1:p≠0.14You obtain a sample of size n=345n=345 in which there are 69 successes.What is the test statistic for this sample? (Report answer accurate to three decimal places.)test statistic = What is the p-value for this sample? (Report answer accurate to four decimal places.)p-value = The p-value is... less than (or equal to) αα greater than αα This test statistic leads to a decision to... reject the null accept the null fail to reject the null As such, the final conclusion is that... The sample data support the claim that the proportion of men over 50 who regularly have their prostate examined is different from 0.14. There is not sufficient sample evidence to support the claim that the proportion of men over 50 who regularly have their prostate…