Consider a simple Keynesian income-spending model of an economy described by the following equations 1. C=250 + 0.75Yd TR = 200 %3D T= 0.1Y %3D 1 250 G= 600 X 350 M=0.15Y (a) Calculate the equilibrium income level. (b) Sketch this equilibrium position using a two-dimensional graph. If potential GDP is 3,570 what is the size of the output gap? If public sector spending on goods and services is increased by 50, what is the new equilibrium level of income? How much should public spending have been increased by in order to have closed the output gap? (c) [All calculations to one decimal point. You must report your calculations.]
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- In a keynesian model it is assumed that the consumption function is given by C= 2000 + 0.75 (Y-T) and the planned investment is 1,000 government purchases and taxes are both of those and formulate and draw a graph of planned expenditure as a function of income What is the equilibrium level in the part above If the government purchases increased by 1250 what is the equilibrium income With the aid of a algebra prove that a balanced budget multiplier is always equals to 1Question 1Explain fully how the equilibrium output, income, and employment are determined in the Keynesian model. Illustrate with an appropriate graph. Suppose that the equilibrium GDP is $500 billion and the full employment GDP is $600 billion. If the slope of the AE curve is 0.8, how much would the government have to change its expenditure to get the economy to full employment equilibrium? Illustrate your answer with an appropriate graph, and show the numerical values in your graph. Explain your understanding of the multiplier process used in answering part B.Suppose a closed economy with no government spending which in equilibrium is producing an output and income of 2250. Suppose also that the marginal propensity to consume is 0.75, and that, if at full employment, the economy would produce an output and income of 3050 By how much would the government need to cut taxes (T) to bring the economy to full employment?
- Consider the Aggregate expenditure model. Where:AD = C + I + G + NX (1)where I, G, and NX are all autonomous.C = C + c∗(Y + T R − T A)(2)where T A = tY with t ∈ [0, 1] is the proportional tax rate and c∗ ∈ (0, 1) is themarginal propensity to consume.a. Using the information above, solve for AD. Combineall the autonomous terms into one term, A. b. In an (x, y) plane, where Y is on the horizontal axis and AD is on thevertical axis, illustrate the AD curve you derived above along with the 450line.Make sure to explain how you got the Y-intercept and solve for the slope c. Provide an economic interpretation for the slope of the AD function. d. Solve for the equilibrium level of output and show what happens to outputwhen G increases by 1 unit. That is, what is ∆Y ? Show your result graphicallyand explain how the AD curves shifts and by how much. Briefly explain.Elaborate on the difference between a binding and non-binding borrowing constraints and thetwo consumption functions that result.b. From the Intertemporal Choice Model, many theories (non-Keynesian theories ofConsumption) came into being. Using graphical and mathematical expressions, compareand contrast the following theories on consumption behaviours:i. Franco Modigliani: Life-Cycle Hypothesisii. Milton Friedman: Permanent-Income Hypothesisiii. Robert Hall: Random Walk HypothesisSuppose that autonomous consumption (a) is 300, private investment spending (I) is 420,government spending (G) is 400 , Net taxes (T) are 400 and marginal propensity to consume(b) is 80 %, and marginal tax rate (t) is 25 % . By using the above information: b) Suppose that the potential income level is 2500 in the economy. In this case, what kind offiscal policy you can use to reach the full employment level. (show this numerically andexplain it on your graph)
- Assume that a hypothetical economy with an MPC of 0.8 is experiencing severe recession. A) By how much would government spending have to rise to shift the aggreagte demand curve rightward by $ 25 billion? How large a tax cut would be needed to achieve the same increase in aghregate demand? Instructions: Round your answer to 2 decimal places and enter your answer as a positive number. Tax cut= ? (billion) B) Determine one possible combination of government spending increases and tax increases that would accomplish the same goal without changing the amount of outstanding debt. Increase government spending by (?) billion. Increase taxes by (?) billion.Suppose we have the following information for the simple (fixed r, fixed P, fixed W) Keynesian model. C = 400 + 0.8 I = 310 G = 140 = 400 + 0.8 (Y - T) T = 200, where C is the consumption function, (Y - T) is disposable income, I is investment, G is government spending, and T is taxes. What can you say about the government's budget situation? (Hint: Think about what “G” and “T” stand for.) Group of answer choices A) There is a budget surplus. B) There is a budget deficit. C) None of the other options. D) We cannot say anything about the government budget. E) The budget is balanced.1 Fully develop (mathematically and graphically) the Keynesian Cross (Expenditures=Output) model. Be explicit regarding what variables are endogenous and what variables are exogenous.
- Suppose we have the following information for the simple (fixed r, fixed P, fixed W) Keynesian model. C = 400 + 0.8 I = 310 G = 140 = 400 + 0.8 (Y - T) T = 200, where C is the consumption function, (Y - T) is disposable income, I is investment, G is government spending, and T is taxes. What is equilibrium income ($output), Ye ? Group of answer choices A) $5,050 B) $3,450 C) $6,900 D) $2,050 E) $5,450Recall the Keynesian Cross is the foundation to derive the IS curve. Suppose we have a simple closed economy. The cross of planned expenditure (PE) and the equilibrium condition (PE = Y) of this economy shows the equilibrium level of national output in the goods market. Here we assume the consumption (C) is a function of • C = 120 + 0.75(Y-T); Here the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) equals 0.75. Planned investment (I) is 200; government purchases (G) and taxes (T) are both 400. Use the conditions given, finish the following questions. (1) What is the equilibrium level of national income? Show step-by-step solution. Tip: recall the definition of planned expenditure (PE). At equilibrium, actual expenditure (Y) equals planned expenditure. (2) If government expenditures increase to 500, ceteris paribus (other things being equal), what is the new equilibrium income? What is the multiplier for government purchases? How much is the change of national income from the increase in…Problem 1. Keynesian Cross: The economy is described by the following functions: C110+ 0.8YD Tr = 20 Tr= 40 I 70 G = 80 NI = 30 = Q1. Express aggregate demand as a function of overall income Y. • Q2. Write down a condition that describes equilibrium in the Keynesian Cross diagram • Q3. Substitute all the information that you were given and find equilibrium output. • Q4. Find the multiplier associated with government purchases. • Q5. Suppose government purchases increase by 20. By how much would the equilibrium output increase? • Q6. Illustrate change in government purchases on the Keynesian Cross diagram. • Q7. Suppose transfers increase by 20. By how much would the equilibrium output increase? Problem 2. Keynesian Cross with proportional taxation: The economy is described by the following functions: C Tz Tr C+cYD t-Y = Tr I = i G = G Nz = N₂ where t is the tax rate. Note the difference with the setup derived in class: here, the amount of taxes collected depends positively on the gross…