Consider a snowpack of height 30.0 cm, temperature -5.0°C, and density of 420 kg/m'. Isothermal density of the snowpack is 500 kg/m³. If the net energy influx is 10.0 MJ/m2/day, the total time required for all three phases including warming, ripening, and outlet phases (in days).
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- Air at 20°C and with I Bar Pressure is flowing over a flat plate at a velocity of 2.801 m/s. If the plate is 27.5 cm wide and at 60°C, calculate the value of Boundary layer thickness, Average friction coefficient, Shear stress due to friction, Local convective heat transfer coefficient, Average heat transfer coefficient, Rate of heat transfer by convection and Total Drag on the plate.The properties at 40°C are:Density: 1.1298 kg/m³, cp= 1.004 kJ/kg C, k- 0.02774 w/m'C, Kinematic viscosity is 17.13 x 10°A 5-feet diameter Chimney is designed to handle a flue gas produced in a steam power plant at a rate of 17 lb/s. The barometric pressure is 29.92-inch Hg. Outside air enters the combustion chamber at 90 F. The average temperature of the flue gas inside the Chimney is 572 F and its molecular weight is 30. Cv = 0.35, Rair = 53.342 ft-lb/lb-R. Calculate: 5. The total draft, feet of air. 6. The height of the Chimney, feetSubject : Thermofluid Question : A wind turbine four 10 cm diameter cups with a center-to-center distance of 40 cm, as shown in Figure 4. Due to a malfunction, the pivot is suddenly stuck, and the cups stop rotating. If the wind speed is 12 m/s moving at the described direction and air density is 1.25 kg/m3. Determine the maximum torque this turbine applies on the pivot.
- 10. A powerplant situated at an altitude having an ambient air of 96.53 KPa and 23.88 degreeCelsius. Flue gases at a rate of 5.0 kg per second enter the stack at 200 degree Celsius andleaves at 160 degree Celsius. The flue gases gravimetric analysis are 18% CO2, 7% O2 and 75%N2. Calculate the height of the stack necessary for a driving pressure of 0.20 KPaAn air at state point 1 (50°C dry bulb temperature and 25°C wet bulb temperature) experiences a temperature drop of 5°C as it passes through the 1.2-m wide stack of lumber. Determine the properties of the air at state point 2 with those at state point 1.In the United States, energy for household heating is generally sold using English units, e.g., therm, gal, and cord. A house in Wisconsin uses 1200 therms of thermal energy during the heating season. Calculate the cost of fuel if the furnace uses (a) natural gas with an efficiency of 70%; (b) No. 2 fuel oil, efficiency 65%; (c) kerosene, efficiency 99.9% (unvented); and (d) wood with l5% moisture with an efficiency of 50%. Use the data in Tables 2.2, 2.7, and 2.13. The efficiencies are based on the HHV. Assume the cost of natural gas is $8/MBtu, the cost of No. 2 fuel oil is $3/gal, the cost of kerosene is $3.50/gal, and the cost of wood is $100/cord. Assume the bulk density of cord wood is 30 lbm/ft3 .
- PE3 Air with mass of 12 kg expands polytropically (m=1.50) in a closed system from 720 °C to 20 °C. Calculate in MJ both the work and the heat exchanged with the surroundings.Ethylene glycol at 40°C flows over a heated plate very wide, 6 m long, at velocity of 0.04 m/s. For a temperature = 90°C, determine: 1- the thickness of the hydrodynamic boundary layer at the end of the plate2- the thickness of the thermal boundary layer at the end of the plate3- the local and average heat transfer coefficient at the end of the plate4- the total heat flux transferred from the heated surface.Calculate the volume of a fixed-dome-type biogas digester for the output of two cows.Also calculate the thermal power available from biogas. Use the following data:Retention time: 40 days,Dry matter produced 2 kg/day/cow, Biogas yield=0.22 m3/kg of dry matter,percentage of dry matter in cow dung=18%,Density of slurry=1090 kg/m3 Burner efficiency=60%, Heating value of biogas=23 MJ/m3 . [Ans: 140.55 W]
- A plate with an area of 16 m (T = 80°C) is subjected to an air flow in the direction of the plate (L = 4 m) (T = 20°C, ρ = 1.204 kg/mA, α = 2.074 ∗ 10IJ m /s , ν = 1.516 ∗ 10 IJm /s, cK = 1.007 kJ/kgK) at a rate of 10 m/s. The air flow causes a resistance force of 2.4 N on the plate. Calculate the heat flow between the plate and the environment?A modern cabin has a concrete floor that is 4.50 inches thick. Aroaring fire keeps the interior of the cabin at 21.0 0C while the airtemperature below the cabin is a chilly 2.00 0C. How much heat(J) is lost through the concrete floor in 4 hrs if the cabin measures4.50 m by 6.50m to 3 sig fig?How could updrafts and downdrafts contribute to cloud droplet or ice crystal growth?