Consider an economy producing at Y, = 0 and ū = 1/4. The inflation rate at t = 0 is no = 3% . Now, suppose the economy is hit by an inflation shock ōj = ōz = 3%. The shock is temporary and ö = 0 for t > 2. For the duration of the inflation shock, the economy is in a recession with Ý1 = Y2 = -1%, which ends with Y3 = 0. Based on this information, you know that the inflation rate 73 i percent.
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- Assume that the price level in an economy is stable with expected inflation initially equal to 3% in period 0. Further assume the economy is then hit by an expansion at the beginning of period 1, and employment remains at a constant high level until the beginning of period 4. With ‘time period’ on the xaxis and ‘inflation rate’ on the y-axis: (i) Plot the path of the bargaining gap (assume it is equal to 1%), inflation and expected inflation from period 1 to the end of period 4. (ii) Provide some reasons for why the bargaining gap might disappear after period 4, and state any other assumptions you are making. (iii) Explain how an increase in the central bank’s policy interest rate would affect the exchange rate through the market for financial assets (such as government bonds). What impact would this have on aggregate demand?Assume the economy of Country X is operating above its full-employment output level. Using a correctly labeled graph of aggregate demand, short-run aggregate supply, and long-run aggregate supply, show the short-run equilibrium, labeling the equilibrium price level as PLe and the equilibrium output as Ye. Draw a single correctly labeled graph and show both a short-run and a long-run Phillips curve. Identify a point that could represent the short-run equilibrium in part (a) and label it as Z. Assume that the central bank of Country X wants the economy to be in full-employment equilibrium. What open-market operation should the central bank initiate? Given your answer in part (c), what will be the effect of the central bank’s open-market operation on each of the following in the short run? The nominal interest rate Employment. Explain. Assume that the real interest rate increases in Country X. Will the international value of Country X’s currency increase, decrease, or…Consider an AD-AS model with AD curve Y – Y* = - αγ (π - π*) + εand AS curve π = π + φβ(Y – Y*) + εwith parameter values α = 0.5, γ = 1, φ = 1, β = 0.5,and with inflation target π* = 0.02 and potential output normalised to Y* = 1.Starting from a long-run equilibrium with π = π* suppose there is a temporary demand shock ε = -0.05. Which of the following is TRUE? 1.In the short run, output is 5% below trend 2.In the short run, output is 4% below trend 3.In the short run, inflation is 1% 4.In the long run, output is 5% below trend
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- Aggregate demand function is given by Y=7000-20P; the short-run aggregate supply function is given by Y=6000+5(P-Pe). The economy was in equilibrium when the government unexpectedly increased its spending which led to a shift of the aggregate demand curve to Y=7500-20P. What's the rate of inflation? Please illustrate the calculations by means of an AS-AD graph.Suppose an economy is characterized by the following three equations: where the first equation is an aggregate-supply function written in the form of an expectations-augmented Phillips curve, the second is an IS or aggregate-demand relationship, and the third is a money-demand equation, where ∆m denotes the growth rate of the nominal money supply. The real interest rate is denoted by r and the nominal rate by i, with Let the central bank implement policy by setting i to minimize the expected value of Assume that the policy authority has forecasts ef , uf , and vf of the shocks but that the public forms its expectations prior to the setting of i and without any information on the shocks. a. Assume that the central bank can commit to a policy of the form prior to knowing any of the realizations of the shocks. Derive the optimal commitment policy (i.e., the optimal values of c0, c1, c2, and c3). b. Derive the time-consistent equilibrium under discretion. How does the…With respect to the concept of inflation, it is correct to say that ________. options: A) inflation increases the purchasing power of consumer dollars. B) inflation and deflation are really almost synonymous in practice. C) the consumer price index is one way to measure inflation. D) inflation occurs when the amount of money taken out of the economy exceeds the amount of money put into the economy. E) inflation occurs when people have more money to spend as the quantity of goods available increases.