Consider E, coli cells(i) with no vector,(ii) transformed with PBR322, or (iii) transformed with a PBR322 variant with insertion in the tetR gene. If one attempts to grow these types of cells om agar containing ampicillin, which with actually grow? A) Only type (1) B) Only type (ii) C) Only type (ii) D) Only type (i) and (ii) E) Only type (ii) and (iii)
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- When Avery and his colleagues had obtained what was concluded to be the transforming factor from the IIIS virulent cells, they treated the fraction with proteases, RNase, and DNase, followed in each case by the assay for retention or loss of transforming ability. What were the purpose and results of these experiments? What conclusions were drawn?Give three reasons why liposomes/nanoparticles are attractive drug delivery system for recombinant protein preparations?Results from a Kirby Bauer antibiotic assay on a Gram-negative bacterial culture are described as follows: A) the bacterium is resistant to penicillin, an antibiotic that targets synthesis of the peptidoglycan cell wall and B) the bacterium is resistant to tetracycline, an antibiotic that targets the small subunit of the ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis. Which of the results represents intrinsic resistant and which represents acquired resistants?
- To understand the genes responsible for growth and infectivity in a disease-causing bacterial strain, you perform chemical mutagenesis on a culture of these bacteria. In the course of your investigation into the properties of the resulting mutants, you identify a set of mutant bacteria that is still viable but their virulence is significantly impaired. How might these mutants be useful for vaccine development?In the Avery, McLeod, McCarty Experiment where supernatant from heat killed, virulent S Strain pneumonia solutions were added to non-virulent R Strain pneumonia cell cultures and allowed to grow in liquid media (i.e., broth). In tubes where Protease was added to the supernatant prior to cell culture, what was the observed effect when plating and growing the S. pneumonia cells to solid media?In Hershey-Chase experiment, bacteriophages protein coats were tagged with radioactive isotope S-32. These phages were used to infect E. coli cells and the cells were further centrifuged to form pellets. Why was the radioactivity level of S-32 found greater outside the cells compared to the E. coli cell pellets? Explain briefly. If the experiment is repeated in the same manner but this time the phage protein coats are labelled with isotope X and the phage DNA with isotope Y, which isotope’s radioactivity will be found in greater amounts in the E. coli cell pellets after centrifugation? Explain briefly.
- Let’s suppose a drug inhibits the function of the N protein. Would such a drug favor the lysogenic cycle, favor the lytic cycle, or prevent both cycles from occurring?You found five T4 rII− mutants that will not grow onE. coli K(λ). You mixed together all possible combinations of two mutants (as indicated in the followingchart), added the mixtures to E. coli K(λ), and scoredfor the ability of the mixtures to grow and makeplaques (indicated as a + in the chart).1 2 3 4 51 − + + − +2 − − + −3 − + −4 − +5 −a. How many genes were identified by this analysis?b. Which mutants belong to the same complementation groups?I read that vinyl chloride exposure is associated with an increased risk of a rare form of liver cancer (hepatic angiosarcoma), as well as brain and lung cancers, lymphoma, and leukemia. But my question is what gene(s) are being mutated by this type of taxic gas?
- Given the following genotypes, explain, by answering the questions in each number, how the mutation (identified by a (-) superscript) will affect E. coli grown in lactose medium. Will there be a complete set ofgene products? (Yes/No) Will the lac operon be turnedon/off? Will the cell survive? (Yes/No) a. i + p + o + z - y + b. i + p - o + z + y + c. i + p + o - z + y +In the Meselson experiment, would it have been possible to utilize N14 in the original bacteria and only allow growing bacteria to access N15 to build new (F1) bacteria and get the same results? Explain why. (I need an answer in full complete sentences with the question restated in the response.)A conjugation-deficient strain of A. radiobacter is used to combat crown gall disease. Explain how this bacterium prevents the disease, and describe the advantage of using a conjugation-deficient strain.