Consider the catabolism of one mole of trisaccharide raffinose (glucose, galactose, fructose). For each of the following cell type and condition given below, determine the Net ATP from glycolysis, ATP from oxidative decarboxylation (if applicable), ATP formed from Krebs cycle (if applicable), and Total net ATP a) liver cell with non-functional malate-aspartate shuttle* b) skeletal muscle cell lacking oxygen c) cell with ATP synthase deficiency*
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- 1.What are the net products after one molecule of Glucose goes through the process of Glycolysis ? Answer should include the product name and Net products ' means that if a molecule was consumed during the process that should be subtracted from the final number . 2. Distinguish between fat- and water-soluble vitamins, and list the vitamins in ea group. 3. A molecule of Glucose has just gone through Glycolysis and been converted into Pyruvic Acid. Explain what will happen to Pyruvic Acid if oxygen is not present in sufficient quantities to continue with the path through the electron transport system .1. For each of the products, identify the phase of aerobic respiration where these molecules will enter the process. a. glycerol b. fatty acids c. amino acids 2. predict the number of ATP molecules that could be produced from one glucose molecule if oxygen was not available.1. How many ATP is produced in one molecule of glucose that undergo glycolysis plus oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA? 2. Galactose and fructose can also used as substrate for glycolysis. Their conversion into a substrate that can enter into the glycolytic pathway involves the use of how many ATPs? 3. How many ATPs are produced when the product of glycolysis undergoes anaerobic respiration?
- 1. Describe the glucose oxidase's general enzymatic class (oxidoreductase, transferase, isomerase, hydrolase, ligase, or lyase), which types of cells express this enzyme, and what its role is within those cells and/or their surrounding tissues. 2. Describe glucose oxidase's substrate, the substrate’s biological relevance, and identify the main interaction that governs how the substrate binds (e.g. specific salt bridges, negative/positive patches, hydrophobic pockets) 3. Describe two different ways in which glucose oxidase is regulated. These mechanisms of regulation do not need tobe allosteric in nature, but they often are—for any allosteric regulatory mechanisms, indicate whether they arepositive/negative, homotropic/heterotropic, and whether they constitute an example of feedback inhibitionThe regulation of 1-phosphofructokinase occurs primarily by allosteric effectors, including ATP and ADP. Given that phosphofructokinase activity is necessary for glycolysis to proceed, predict what effect ATP would have. How about ADP?1. Assuming that everything that’s needed to make tripalmitin comes from glucose, how many glucose would be used by adipose tissue in the synthesis of 1 mol tripalmitin? 2. How many ATP would be used (net of produced and used)? 3. If an animal absorbs 35 g glucose (MW = 180 g/mol) from drinking a can of pop, how many grams of tripalmitin (MW = 807 g/mol) can be produced from it in adipose tissue? Please provide only typed answer solution no handwritten solution needed allowed
- 1. The enzyme that catalyzes the transformation of C2H2 + H2 to C2H4 is likely to be classified as2. The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glucose + ATP to glucose-6-phosphate + ADP is likely to be classified asa. Isomeraseb. Ligasec. Transferased. Lyasee. Hydrolasef. OxidoreductaseConsider oleic acid (18:1∆9): 1. How many NADH will be produced from complete oxidation of this fatty acid? 2. How many FADH2 will be produced from complete oxidation of this fatty acid? 3. Total number of ATP produced from NADH in complete oxidation of oleic acid (exclude transport cost of the fatty acid)? 4. Total number of ATP produced from FADH2 in complete oxidation of oleic acid (exclude transport costs of the fatty acid)? Please provide how you got them.In glycolysis, the KM value of hexoquinase is 0.04 mM. At physiological conditions, the cellular concentration of glucose is between 4 mM to 15 mM. According with this information, which of the following statements is true (Choose all that are correct) The enzyme has a low affinity for its substrate The enzme is working at its maximum velocity The phosphorilation of glucose is very slow The small value of KM assures that glycolysis will continue even when the concentration of glucose drops below 4 mM. The hexoquinase is saturated with glucose
- Under aerobic conditions of high ratios of NADH/NAD+ and ATP/ADP, as pyruvate is utilized for its carbon skeleton, which molecules would you expect to see significant radiolabeling in the liver? Select all that apply. **Please note some molecules contain more details, including not only molecule name, but location of the label. Pick the options that are accurate for the above situation. 1. Glucose C2 & C5 2. Glucose C1 & C6 3. Glucose C2 only 4. Pyruvate C1 5. Lactate C2 for export 6.CO2 from TCA cycle shows some radiolabel 7. Label is halved over many TCA cycles 8. Oxaloacetate 9. Malate1. Explain the Chemiosmotic theory with regard to ATP generation in oxidative phosphorylation. 2. Explain how Phosphorylase activation differs between the liver and the muscle. What is the role of Epinephrine in Glycogen metabolism. 3. List all the materials required for beta-oxidation of cholesterol from six-carbon intermediate Mevalonate.5. Match the features of metabolic pathways in Column A with the most appropriate statement in Column B. Column A Column B a. ketone bodies b. glucogenic amino acids c. acetyl CoA d. pyruvate e. UDP-glucose f. FADH2 g. β-oxidation h. oxidative deamination i. transamination j. chemiosmotic theory ___ catabolism of alanine and threonine to form pyruvate ___ provides activated glucosyl compound to form glycogen ___ a series of reactions that convert even numbered carbons of fatty acids to acetyl CoA ___ high energy compound that is formed from pyruvate derived from carbohydrates ___ the transfer of amino groups of glutamate to oxaloacetate to form α-ketoglutarate and aspartate ___ formation of acetoacetate from AcCoA following fatty acid oxidation ___ oxidized by CoQ to provide electrons for the electron transport chain ___ formed as a result of oxidation of glucose ___ formation of -ketoglutaric acid and NH4+ from glutamate in the presence of glutamate dehydrogenase ___ formation of…