Net ATP yield for complete oxidation of 1 mol of galactose to CO2 and H2O (using both Malate-Aspartate and Glycerol-3-Phosphate Shuttles)
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Show summary computation in a table
Net ATP yield for complete oxidation of 1 mol of galactose to CO2 and H2O (using both Malate-Aspartate and Glycerol-3-Phosphate Shuttles)
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- Understanding Enzyme Mechanisms Related to Pyruvate Carboxylase Based on the mechanism for pyruvate carboxylase (Figure 22.3), write reasonable mechanisms for the reactions that follow:Show summary computation in a table Net ATP yield for complete oxidation of 1 mol of mannose to CO2 and H2O (using both Malate-Aspartate and Glycerol-3-Phosphate Shuttles)Arrange the balanced biochemical equations for all the reactions in the payoff phase of glycolysis and the conversion of pyruvate to lactate.
- Draw the mechanism for the complete oxidation of a C-7 saturated fatty acid. Indicate the yield of ATP equivalents assuming there are 8 c-subunits in the ATP synthase, and NADPH = NADH.Show that the free energy change for the succinate dehydrogenase reaction catalyzed by Complex II is insuffi cient to drive ATP synthesis under standard conditions.Calculate the amount of ATP molecules generated from the complete metabolism of 1 molecule of maltose, assuming all electrons of cytosolic NADH are transferred through the dihydroxyacetone phosphate/glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle
- The malate–aspartate shuttle yields about2.5 moles of ATP for each mole of cytosolic NADH. Why doesnature use the glycerol–phosphate shuttle, which yields only about1.5 moles of ATP?Calculate the Kcat for lactate dehydrogenase, which converts pyruvate to lactate in the presence of NADH. The velocity of the reaction in the presence of 250 uM pyruvate was 50 uM/sec for the lactate dehydrogenase concentration of 1 nM. The Kcat of lactate dehydrogenase is ______ (per sec).Write balanced biochemical equations for all the reactions in the catabolism of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate (the preparatory & payoff phase of glycolysis), including the standard free-energy change ΔG for each reaction. Then write the overall or net equation of glycolysis, with the net standard free-energy change when one molecule of glucose is converted into 2 molecules of pyruvate.
- If a reaction has a ΔG°′ value of at least −30.5 kJ · mol−1, suffi -cient to drive the synthesis of ATP (ΔG°′ = 30.5 kJ · mol−1), can it still drive the synthesis of ATP in vivo when its ΔG is only −10 kJ · mol−1? Explain.Calculate the biochemical standard cell potential for the oxidation of NADH by molecular oxygen O2 + 2NADH + 2 H+ → 2H2O + 2NAD+Under standard conditions, is the oxidation of ubiquinol (Coenzyme Q) by O2 sufficiently exergonic to drive the synthesis of ATP? If yes, how many ATP can be synthesized assuming 100% efficiency?