Consider the competitive market for production of a chemical as shown in the diagram below. This setup will apply to this question and the next two questions. P ($/gallon) Demand: P=220-Q/100 Supply: P=Q/400 Q (gallons) Production of this chemical produces noxious odors that impact the health of the communities surrounding the production facilities. It is well known that every gallon produced increases health costs in society, but there is a lot of argument over how much health costs increase. In reality the number is that health costs increase by $3 per gallon produced, but that it hard to discover.
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- Predicting Changes in Equilibrium Price and Quantity Suppose that the market demand for farmed salmon is Qd = 12 – p and the market supply of farmed salmon is Qs = 9.6 + 0.5p – 0.2pt, where Q is the quantity of salmon in millions of tons per year, p is the price of salmon in dollars per pound, and pt is the price of tilapia in dollars per pound. The supply function demonstrates that the facilities that are used to farm salmon are also suitable for farming tilapia. a) Use a market diagram to demonstrate that the equilibrium price and quantity of salmon is implicitly a function of the price of tilapia. That is, show how a change in the price of tilapia will impact the market for farmed salmon. (No need to use numbers here, just sketch and explain.) b) Using the supply and demand functions, derive the relationship between the price of tilapia and the equilibrium price and quantity of salmon. You should ultimately calculate and . Check your work by calculating the impact of an increase in…Green et al. (2005) estmate the supply and demand curves for Californa processod tomatoes. The supply function is: \[ \ln \left(Q_{s}\right)=0.200+0.550 \ln (p) \] whereQis the quantify of processing tomatoes in milions of tons per year andpis the price in dollars per ton. The demand function is: \[ \ln \left(Q_{d}\right)=2600-0.200 \ln (p)+0.150 \ln \left(p_{1}\right) . \] wherep1is the price of tornato paste (which is what processing tomatoes are used to produce) in dollars per ton. Supposept=$119Determine how the equilerium price and quantity of processing tomatees change if the price of tomato pasise tails by16%. If the price of tomato paste fals by18%, then the equaborium price will by 5 (Enter a numene response using a real number rounded to two decimal places)Consider a competitive market for the paper-making industry. The demand curve for paper is represented by the equation P = 120 – 2Q, while supply is represented by the equation P = 60 + Q, where Q is the quantity of paper (measured in tons) and P is the price of paper per ton for each paper mill (measured in dollars). Suppose the industry pollutes the environment by discharging waste chemicals that present a health risk to the public. a) What is the equilibrium price and quantity in the competitive market? b) Suppose the government determines that the social cost of unregulated paper-making activity is $30 per ton of paper. The government decides to internalise this activity through imposing the appropriate per unit tax on paper mills. What would be the socially optimal quantity of paper, and what would be the price for each paper mill?
- Question #3. Assume the annual aluminum can market is characterized by a demand curve represented by the linear equation: P = -15Q + 1200. Assume also that aluminum cans are produced using both virgin and recycled material. The supply curve for cans made from recycled material is represented by the equation: P = 5Q + 50. The supply curve for cans made from virgin material is represented by a constant marginal cost of $250. What is the total equilibrium quantity of aluminum cans produced in this market? How many cans would be produced with recycled material? How many cans would be produced using virgin material? What is the recycling ratio in this market? What would be the new recycling ratio if the government decides to levy a flat tax of $10 on virgin material? Who would benefit from this type of tax? Explain your answer.Suppose the estimated supply function for avocados is given by QS = 48 + 15p – 10pf , where pf is the price of fertilizer. The estimated demand for avocados is given by Qd = 233 - 40p + 5pt , where pt is the price of tomatoes per pound. Solve for the initial equilibrium price and quantity of avocados if the price of fertilizer, pf ,is equal to $0.35 per lb. and price of tomatoes, pt, is equal to $0.80 per lb. Solve for the new equilibrium price and quantity of avocados if the price of fertilizer, pf , increases to $0.90 per lb. and price of tomatoes, pt, remains $0.80 per lb. Use these equilibrium values from parts a. and b. to solve for the price elasticity of demand for avocados. Given your calculations, are avocados elastic, inelastic or unit-elastic? Have total expenditures on avocados increased, decreased, or not changed as a result of the change in the price of fertilizer?: A fixed cost of $50 thousand was incurred in setting up an operation. At time t months thereafter, the operation yields income at the rate of (20 – 0.3t) and incurs expenses at the rate of (10 – 0.1t); where both are in thousands of dollars per month. Sketch the graph. What is the optimal time to terminate the operation? What will total profit be at the optimal time of termination? Q#5: At market equilibrium, consumers demand 625,000 gallons of kerosene, whose supply function is, Ps(q) = 2.5 + 0.3 q3/2 , where q is in thousands of gallons and Ps(q) is in dollars per gallon. Compute producers’ surplus. Q#6: The demand function for a product is Pd(q) = 80 / (0.2 q + 1)2 , where q is in millions of tons and Pd (q) is in dollars per ton. Market equilibrium occurs at a demand for 15 million tons. Compute consumers’ surplus.
- Following the given equations of costs and supposed price, find the equilibrium costs and equilibrium quantities TC=10Q2 p=700-5Q TC = 20Q2 P =700-5QIf the cost of transportation between the two markets is Pt = 2, what would be the equilibrium values of D1, S1, P1, D2, S2, Qt, and Pt? Solve algebraically. question 2 that is picturedFollowing the given equations of costs and supposed price, find the equilibrium costs and equilibrium quantities TC=10Q2 p=700-5Q
- Assume quantities need not be integers. Demand in a competitive market is Qd(P)=120 – (4/10)*P. If 20 units are transacted, what is the lowest marginal benefit (i.e., MWTP) at which an item is purchased? Round to two decimal places and do not enter a currency symbol. If your answer is $1.125, enter 1.13.You and your friends love to go fishing. There is a sporting goods store in your neighborhood that sells a fishing pole for $82 but costs the store $60, and a fully stocked tackle box that sells for $58 but costs $40. Assuming the mark-up policy is linear, determine the equation that relates price (P) to cost (C). Following this same mark-up policy for other items, what would be the price of a pair of waders which cost the company $80?Assuming you are the manager of the travel department of a large corporation and your sales department has high consumption for air travel. Assume further that the president of the corporation wants you to reduce the travel expenditures in the next year. How will you curb the air travel? Using Demand and Supply Analysis, how will you predict the airfare, given the following assumptions? A number of new, small airlines have recently entered the industry and others are expected to enter next year? Broadband internet videoconferencing is becoming a popular, cost-effective alternative to business travel for many corporations? The trend is expected to accelerate next year as telecommunications firms begin cutting prices on teleconferencing rates.