Consider the first copy of an allele for insecticideresistance that arises by mutation in a populationof insects exposed to an insecticide. Is this mutation an adaptation? If, after some generations,we find that most of the population is resistant,is the resistance an adaptation? If we discovergenetic variation for insecticide resistance in apopulation that has had no experience of insecticides, is the variation an adaptation? If an insectpopulation is polymorphic for two alleles, eachof which confers resistance against one of twopesticides that are alternately applied, is thevariation an adaptation? Or is each of the tworesistance traits an adaptation?

Consider the first copy of an allele for insecticideresistance that arises by mutation in a populationof insects exposed to an insecticide. Is this mutation an adaptation? If, after some generations,we find that most of the population is resistant,is the resistance an adaptation? If we discovergenetic variation for insecticide resistance in apopulation that has had no experience of insecticides, is the variation an adaptation? If an insectpopulation is polymorphic for two alleles, eachof which confers resistance against one of twopesticides that are alternately applied, is thevariation an adaptation? Or is each of the tworesistance traits an adaptation?

Concepts of Biology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168116

Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Publisher:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Chapter11: Evolution And Its Processes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7RQ: In which of the following pairs do both evolutionary processes introduce new genetic variation into...

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Which of the following statements describes an example of genetic drift?a. Allele g for fat production increases in a small population because birds with more bodyfat have higher survivorship in a harsh winter.b. Random mutation increases the frequency of allele A in one population but not inanother.c. Allele R reaches a frequency of 1.0 because individuals with genotype rr are sterile.d. Allele m is lost when a virus kills all but a few individuals and just by chance, none ofthe survivors possess allele m.
If gene A/a is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium due to natural selection such that individuals with the genotype AA have a fitness value of 1.0, heterozygotes have only slightly reduced fitness at 0.9, and individuals with the genotype aa have a fitness value of 0.6, what kind of change in allele frequency would you expect to see over time assuming you start with equal frequencies of the 2 alleles?
A group of four birds flies to a new location and initiates a new colony. Three of the birds are homozygous AA, and one bird is heterozygous Aa. A. What is the probability that the a allele will become fixed in the population via genetic drift? B. If fixation of the a allele occurs, how long will it take? C. How will the growth of the population, from generation to generation, affect the answers to parts A and B? Explain.
In which of the following pairs do both evolutionary processes introduce new genetic variation into a population? a. natural selection and genetic drift b. mutation and gene flow c. natural selection and gene flow d. gene flow and genetic drift
Let’s suppose the mutation rate for converting a B allele into a b allele is 10–4. The current allele frequencies are B = 0.6 and b = 0.4. How long will it take for the allele frequencies to equal each other, assuming that no genetic drift takes place?
Refer to the figure above. In their investigation of natural selection on Mc1r alleles (the gene that determines coat color) in Arizona pocket mice, Hoekstra et al. determined the frequency of the D and d alleles in each population. They also determined the frequency of alleles for two neutral mitochondrial DNA genes (genes that do not affect and are not linked to coat color). Why did the researchers include the mitochondrial DNA genes as part of their experimental design? Allele change for the neutral mitochondrial genes serves as an experimental group and gives information on any general background genetic difference among these populations. Allele change for the neutral mitochondrial genes serves as a control and determines coat-color differences among these populations. Allele change for the neutral mitochondrial genes serves as an experimental group and gives information on coat-color differences among these populations. Allele…
If both mutation and drift are acting simultaneously, predict how this will influence variation in that population. Will variation increase, decrease, or be maintained at some equilibrium, etc.? (note: consider how mutation and drift each affect variation within a population).
Assume that the frequency of gene B in a hypothetical population Is 0.63, that there are only two alleles (B and b) of the gee in the population, that allele B is dominant over allele b, that neither allele has a selective advantage over the other, and that the population is at equilibrium with regard to this particular gene. What proportion of the population is expected to have the phenotype specified by the B allele according to the Hardy-Weinberg formula? 0.47 0.87 0.67 0.40 0.37
With regard to genetic drift, are the following statements true or false? If a statement is false, explain why. A. Over the long run, genetic drift leads to allele fixation or loss. B. When a new mutation occurs within a population, genetic drift is more likely to cause the loss of the new allele rather than the fixation of the new allele. C. Genetic drift promotes genetic diversity in large populations. D. Genetic drift is more significant in small populations.
Could a set of invading genotypes with the “parachute” strategy take over a population that originally consists of only “jumpers without parachutes”? Or can populations of 100% individuals that sacrifice their fitness to benefit non-relatives outcompete a population of individuals who only sacrifice fitness to benefit their kin? Give a reason for your answer.
How can gene flow impact a population's allele frequencies? Choose one of the following: By causing mutations in the DNA By introducing new alleles through migration By wiping out a large proportion of the population
American cat breeders are trying to establish a new breeed of cat with unusual, curled-back ears, to be known as the "curl cat." Suppose you found a curl cat and wanted to secretly start your own population. How would you determine whether the curl allele is dominant or recessive? How would you establish and maintain a true breeding population based on whether the allele is dominant or recessive?