In a certain population, D is a dominant, wild-type allele of a gene encoding a protein important for cell division, and d is a recessive, loss- of-function allele of that gene. The allele frequencies for this gene in this popoulation are D = .7,d = .3 If mutation is the only force acting on this population from generation to generation, what do you predict will happen to allele frequencies over successive generations? The frequency of the D allele will increase The frequency of the d allele will increase Allele frequencies will remain constant
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PLease help, double and triple check your answers, im using this to study, these questions are NOT graded they are PRACTICE problems
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- 60 individuals have the genotype AA28 individuals have the genotype Aa12 individuals have the genotype aaWhat is the frequency of the A allele?Think of how many alleles in total?hint: add up the number of A alleles in this population: AA= 60+60 and Aa= 28.Add those together and divide by the total number of alleles.Which of the following statements describes an example of genetic drift?a. Allele g for fat production increases in a small population because birds with more bodyfat have higher survivorship in a harsh winter.b. Random mutation increases the frequency of allele A in one population but not inanother.c. Allele R reaches a frequency of 1.0 because individuals with genotype rr are sterile.d. Allele m is lost when a virus kills all but a few individuals and just by chance, none ofthe survivors possess allele m.Many genetic disorders, such as cystic fibrosis and sickle-cell disease are due to mutations in a recessive allele. You have sampled an isolated population in which you know that the percentage of the homozygous recessive genotype (aa) is 36%. Using that 36%, calculate: 1e. the frequency of the "Aa" genotype (round to the nearest hundredth)
- Small population size causes genetic drift because ofchance sampling of different alleles from one generation to the next. We can predict how much geneticdrift occurs for a given population size using binomialsampling statistics. With a population of size N, wecan estimate that 95% of the time the allele frequency(p) in the next generation will be withinthe confidence interval of p ± 1.96 (√p(1 − p)2N ),where p(1 − p)2Nis an estimate of the statistical variancein allele frequencies from one generation to the nextwith random sampling of 2N alleles each generation. a. What is the confidence interval for p = 0.5 whenN = 100,000?b. What is the confidence interval for p = 0.5 whenN = 10?c. How are the results in parts (a) and (b) related tothe consequences of a population bottleneck?Many genetic disorders, such as cystic fibrosis and sickle-cell disease are due to mutations in a recessive allele. You have sampled an isolated population in which you know that the percentage of the homozygous recessive genotype (aa) is 36%. Using that 36%, calculate: 1c.the frequency of the "A" allele. (round to the nearest hundredth)A meadow is home to a population of plants of a particular species. Among these individuals are 125 plants that have red flowers and 375 plants that have white flowers. The allele of the flower color gene that produces red flowers (R) is completely dominant over the white flower color allele (r). In this population of plants, approximately how many copies of the r allele are there? Group of answer choices a. 750 b. 230 c. 20 d. 130 e. 870
- The sd gene causes a lethal disease of infancy in humanswhen homozygous. One in 100,000 newborns die eachyear of this disease. The mutation rate from Sd to sd is2 × 10−4. What must the fitness of the heterozygote be toexplain the observed gene frequency in view of the mutation rate? Assign a relative fitness of 1.0 to Sd /Sd homozygotes. Assume that the population is at equilibriumwith respect to the frequency of sd.Nieman-Pick Syndrome involves a defective enzyme, sphyngomylinase. It is usually fatal before the age of 3. The defective allele frequency is 0.01 in Ashkenazi populations. Let’s call the healthy allele A, and the lethal allele a. a) What is the frequency of allele A? Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, how many people do you expect to have the three genotypes in a population of 10,000? b) AA:_______ c) Aa:________ d) aa:_________There are three genotypes for flower colour in Barberton Daisies. DD = Red; Dd = Orange; dd = yellow. The allelic frequency of f(D) = p = 0.634. Scientists observed 2 red, 18 orange and 2 yellow flowers in a field of Barberton Daisies. How many yellow daisies would you have expected in this population if the population was randomly mating, large and not affected by mutation, migration or natural selection?