Consider the following model of labour supply. There is a representative worker with the following utility function: U(C, L) = CªL*-a %3D where U is utility, C is consumption, L is leisure, and a is a parameter that governs the importance of consumption to the worker's utility relative to leisure. a must satisfy 0 < a < 1. Consumption and Leisure are always positive (by definition) The budget constraint and time constraint are: C = wh + V h = T – L where w is hourly wage, and V is non-labour income, T is time endowment. Here, w,V and T are parameters. h is hours work
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- Consider worker 1 with non-labour income Y facing a wage offer w and a utility function defined over consumption and leisure. U(c,l) = lnC + 4lnl 1) Compare worker 1 with worker 2 whose utility function is described by U(c,l) = cl. Which worker places a higher value on labour market work?Consider a consumer with the following utility function for consumption and leisure: U (R, C ) = 160 ln N + Y where N is the hours of leisure (“recreation”) consumed per day (24 maximum) and Y is dollars spent on consumption (p = 1). The consumer has an hourly wage w. (a) Assume the consumer derives all income from work at a wage rate w. Derive the labor supply function, LS(w). (b) For what values of w does the consumer work zero hours? (Hint: does a corner solution arise?) (c) Suppose that w = 10. How many hours does this consumer work? If the wage rate increases to w′ = 16, how many hours do they work? What is the total effect on the supply of labor?In the competitive labor market model of this chapter, the "value of the marginal product minus the wage" (MPL xP - W) for a given unit of labor (e.g., worker) gives Group of answer choices a) the change in output from the unit of labor being considered. b) the change in profit from the unit of labor being considered. c) the change in revenue from the unit of labor being considered. d) the change in price from the unit of labor being considered. e) the change in cost from the unit of labor being considered.
- Consider worker 1 with non-labour income Y facing a wage offer w and a utility function defined over consumption and leisure. U(c,l) = lnC + 4lnl Queston: Show that the Slutsky equation holds for this workerConsider worker 1 with non-labour income Y facing a wage offer w and a utility function defined over consumption and leisure. U(c,l) = lnC + 4lnl Give that the Slutsky equation holds for this worker.In the context of a perfectly competitive model of the labour market, an increase in technologythat raises the marginal product of labour at any given level of employment would be expected, inequilibrium, toa) reduce the amount of labour required to produce a given amount of output and hence increaseunemployment.b) shift the labour demand curve outwards and lead to an increase in employment and wages.c) have no effect upon labour supply or labour demand curves and hence have no impact onemployment or wages.d) reduce the supply of labour to the market and result in an increase in wages but a fall inemployment Why the correct answer is B?
- Consider worker 1 with non-labor income Y facing a wage offer w and a utility function defined over consumption and leisure U(c,l) = lnC + 4lnl Compare worker 1 with worker 2 whose utility function is described by U(c,l) = cl. Which worker places a higher value on labor market work?Define the contingent worker?Follow-up questions. d. Let D be the difference in marginal product between an experienced worker and a new worker (MPe − MPn). Suppose that robust, experienced workers would prefer not to pool with sickly workers at their firm, and so they seek out a new job with an employer who does not offer health insurance. What will be the wage of the robust worker at the new job during the first year there? Keep in mind, these workers will no longer be experienced because they will be adapting to a new firm. Under what conditions will it make financial sense for the robust worker to change jobs? Your answer should be an inequality that includes D, θ, Vr, and Vs. e. D is a measure of job-specific human capital; as workers learn the job, they become more productive so D > 0. However, not every job or industry has the same value for D. In some lines of work D is low, while in others D is high, simply because of the nature of the work. Given the results, you have seen in this problem, in which…
- Cowles Foundationfor Research in Economicsat Yale UniversityCowles Foundation Discussion Paper No. 2021ARE WE APPROACHING AN ECONOMIC SINGULARITY?INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE FUTUREOF ECONOMIC GROWTHWilliam D. NordhausSeptember 2015An author index to the working papers in theCowles Foundation Discussion Paper Series is located at:http://cowles.yale.edu/This paper can be downloaded without charge from theSocial Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection:http://ssrn.com/abstract=2658259Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2658259Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity?Information Technology and the Future of Economic GrowthWilliam D. Nordhaus1September 1, 2015AbstractWhat are the prospects for long-run economic growth? The presentstudy looks at a recently launched hypothesis, which I label Singularity.The idea here is that rapid growth in computation and artificialintelligence will cross some boundary or Singularity after whicheconomic growth will…Let’s say we extend the the standard 1 person static labor supply problem instead to a family with two people making money. In the family of two money makers, given as person 1 and person 2, the given utility function is u(c1 + c2, l1, l2). Utility is defined as a function of the sum of goods consumed by the two people in the family, and of each person’s leisure time. Each person has a time endowment of “Ti” and gets a wage “wi”, where i = 1, 2. The two person family has a non-labour income defined y (which means this is the income of the family whether or not they work) and face price “p” for consumption goods. How can I utilize the Slutsky equation to show how the labour supply of 2 changes with w1? Thank you!Consider the representative consumer who decides consumption and leisure. Theenvironment is the same as in Lecture 5. Keep the same notation. The preference is givenby U (C,L) = αln C + (1 −α) ln L. Assume h = 1, i.e., the time endowment is one day.(a) Write down the utility maximization problem.(b) Derive the demand for consumption and the supply for labour.(c) Suppose the non-wage income π −T increases while the wage rate w falls at the sametime. The size of the changes can be different. Determine the effects on consumptiondemand and labour supply (i.e., leisure demand). Use the indifference map to explainyour results in terms of income and substitution effects for the following cases:(i) The increase in π −T exactly cancels out the drop in w, i.e., |∆ (π −T)|= |∆w|.(ii) The increase in π −T is greater than the drop in w, i.e., |∆ (π −T)|> |∆w|.(iii) The increase in π −T is smaller than the drop in w, i.e., |∆ (π −T)|< |∆w|.(d) Suppose the utility function is Cobb-Douglas: U…