Consider two surface pressed against each other..Now the air at the interface is evacuated. will the thermal contact resistance at the interface. Increase or decrease as a result of this evacuation ?
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Consider two surface pressed against each other..Now the air at the interface is evacuated. will the thermal contact resistance at the interface. Increase or decrease as a result of this evacuation ?
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- 1.1 On a cold winter day, the outer surface of a 0.2-m-thick concrete wall of a warehouse is exposed to temperature of –5°C, while the inner surface is kept at 20°C. The thermal conductivity of the concrete is 1.2 W/m K. Determine the heat loss through the wall, which is 10-m long and 3-m high. Problem 1.1A spherical communications satellite, 2 m in diameter, is placed in orbit around the earth. The satellite generates 1000 W of internal power from a small nuclear generator. If the surface of the satellite has an emittance of 0.3, and is shaded from solar radiation by the earth, estimate its surface temperature.One end of a 0.3-m-long steel rod is connected to a wall at 204C. The other end is connected to a wall that is maintained at 93C. Air is blown across the rod so that a heat transfer coefficient of 17W/m2 K is maintained over the entire surface. If the diameter of the rod is 5 cm and the temperature of the air is 38C, what is the net rate of heat loss to the air?
- Consider a double-paned window consisting of two panes of glass, each with a thickness of 0.500 cm and an area of 0.795 m2 , separated by a layer of air with a thickness of 1.50 cm. The temperature on one side of the window is 0.00 ∘C∘C; the temperature on the other side is 21.0 ∘C∘C. In addition, note that the thermal conductivity of glass is roughly 36 times greater than that of air. Approximate the heat transfer through this window by ignoring the glass. That is, calculate the heat flow per second through 1.50 cmcm of air with a temperature difference of 21.0 ∘C∘C. (The exact result for the complete window is 25.6 J/sJ/s .)Question 1: A glass window of width W = 1 m and height H = 2 m is 5 mm thick and has a thermal conductivity of kg =1.4 W/m.K. If the inner and outer surface temperatures of the glass are 15 oC and -20 oC, respectively, on a cold winter day, what is the rate of heat loss through the glass? To reduce heat loss through windows, it is customary to use a double pane construction in which adjoining panes are separated by an air space. If the spacing is 10 mm and the glass surfaces in contact with the air have temperatures of 20 oC and -15 oC, what is the rate of heat loss from a 1 m x 2 m window? The thermal conductivity of air is ka = 0.024 W/m.K.Consider a 0.6-m * 0.6-m thin square plate in a room at 30°C. One side of the plate is maintained at a temperature of 90°C, while the other side is insulated. Determine the rate of heat transfer from the plate by natural convection if the plate is (a) vertical, (b) horizontal with hot surface facing up, and (c) horizontal with hot surface facing down.
- What is thermal conductivity? How the thermal conductivity of Solid, liquid and gases are varying with temperatures and pressure? Explain the variation of thermal conductivity of metals and non-metals with temperatures?The emissivity of galvanized steel sheet, a common roofing material, is ε = 0.13 at temperatures around 300 K, while its absorptivity for solar irradiation is αS = 0.65. Would the neighborhood cat be comfortable walking on a roof constructed of the material on a day when GS = 750 W/m2, T∞ = 16°C, and h = 7 W/m2 · K? Assume the bottom surface of the steel is insulated.Question 1:A glass window of width W = 1 m and height H = 2 m is 5 mm thick and has a thermal conductivity of kg=1.4 W/m.K. If the inner and outer surface temperatures of the glass are 15oC and -20oC, respectively, ona cold winter day, what is the rate of heat loss throughthe glass? To reduce heat loss through windows, it iscustomary to use a double pane construction in whichadjoining panes are separated by an air space. If thespacing is 10 mm and the glass surfaces in contact withthe air have temperatures of (last two digit of your Registration number) oC and -15oC, what isthe rate of heat loss from a 1 m x 2 m window? Thethermal conductivity of air is ka=0.024 W/m.K.
- Answer all questions strictly otherwise dont attempt it. conduction convection experimentIf the material of the fins can be changed to reduce the total thermal resistance, which material is advantageous to use?If you could change the speed or temperature of the air to reduce the total thermal resistance, how would you change it?List all the causes that can cause errors in your conclusions, and consider how changes in those causes affect the results.a hollow styrofoam cubical box, which is perfectly insulated at the bottom, has a length of 2-m on each side and an inside surface temperature of -10 C. What should be the conduction thermal resistance at the top surface of the box in K/w if the heat load inside the box must be kept less than or equal to 500 W when the outside surface temperature of the box is 35 C? the thermal Conductivity of styrofoam is 0.030 W/m kConsider a 1 m high rectangular closed space with two surfaces separated by an air gap of 0.125 m (at 1 atm pressure). Surface temperatures in the air gap are 34 0C and -9 0C. Find the natural convection heat transfer rates for the horizontal orientation (hot surface down), vertical orientation, and the hot surface inclined at an angle of 80° for this closed gap.