"Consumer sovereignty" means that buyers determine what will be produced based on their "dollar votes" for the goods and services offered by sellers. advertising is ineffective because consumers already know what they want. buyers control the quality of goods and services through regulatory agencies. buyers can dictate the prices at which goods and services will be offered.
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- Insurance exchanges: A. are government-regulated markets where individuals can purchase health insurance to satisfy the personal mandate provision of the PPACA.B. are expected to significantly increase health care costs by expanding government regulation.C. are government-regulated markets where prices are set directly by federal regulators.D. allow patients to get medical treatment when away from the providers covered by their regular health insurance.Pharmaceutical Benefits Managers (PBMs) are intermediaries between upstream drug manufacturers and downstream insurance companies. They design formularies (lists of drugs that insurance will cover) and negotiate prices with drug companies. PBMs want a wider variety of drugs available to their insured populations, but at low prices. Suppose that a PBM is negotiating with the makers of two nondrowsy allergy drugs, Claritin and Allegra, for inclusion on the formulary. The “value” or “surplus” created by including one nondrowsy allergy drug on the formulary is $80 million, but the value of adding a second drug is only $24 million. Assume the PBM bargains by telling each drug company that it's going to reach an agreement with the other drug company. Under the non-strategic view of bargaining, the PBM would earn a surplus of _____________ million, while each drug company would earn a surplus of _______________ million. Now suppose the two drug companies merge. What is the…Because of producer–producer rivalry, the price will tend to Multiple Choice rise up to the maximum price the consumers are willing and able to pay. be the same as the monopoly price. be driven to a lower price. be the same as the competitive price.
- monopolyStart from a market where a monopoly prevails. Select the option or options below that are correct. Select one or more options: a-The monopolist maximizes profit where MR = MC b-A monopolist always has the opportunity to make a profit c-The individual monopolist has no market power as it meets a completely elastic demand. d-The monopolist will charge a higher price than the marginal cost of the selected quantity. e-The monopolist is free to choose the price charged for a given quantity because consumers have no competitor to go toIn a market failure prices signal the true value and cost of goods and services to society, therefore the government can play a pivotal role in improving market outcomes. True FalseAn effective manager must also consider the relative power of buyers and sellers, which of the following pertains to the rivalry that arises from the competition among firms selling the same product? a. consumer-consumer rivalry b. consumer-producer rivalry c. producer-producer rivalry d. government-producer rivalry
- Limiting Market Power: Regulation and Anti-Trust Government regulates prices to prevent prices from being so high that they bring monopoly profits to the firm. Government regulates prices to set levels that are compensatory to enable firms to cover their costs. Many regulated industries are characterized by significant economies of large-scale production. Debate why economist favor setting price equal to marginal cost.A monopoly market structure is best defined as ... Group of answer choices a. One company offers a good or service that is unique and other companies can not enter the market with that good or service. b. One company offers a good in the market that can compete with the market leader. c. One company offers a good or service and earns profits, but only temporarily as other companies enter, the profits will shrink. d. Many companies are in the market, but one company earns more than 30 percent of the profits.Government set price controls can help control _____. However, if the price is set too low ____. a. high prices associated with market power; the quantity of the good/service may be inefficiently high b. adverse selection death spirals; the quantity of the good/service may be inefficiently low c. high prices associated with market power; the quantity of the good/service may be inefficiently low. d. adverse selection death spirals; the quantity of the good/service may be inefficiently high
- Pharmaceutical Benefits Managers (PBMs) are intermediaries between upstream drug manufacturers and downstream insurance companies. They design formularies (lists of drugs that insurance will cover) and negotiate prices with drug companies. PBMs want a wider variety of drugs available to their insured populations, but at low prices. Suppose that a PBM is negotiating with the makers of two non-drowsy allergy drugs, Claritin and Allegra, for inclusion on the formulary. The “value” or “surplus” created by including one non-drowsy allergy drug on the formulary is $80 million, but the value of adding a second drug is only $24 million. Assume the PBM bargains by telling each drug company that it's going to reach an agreement with the other drug company. Under the non-strategic view of bargaining, the PBM would earn a surplus of_____million, while each drug company would earn a surplus of ________million. Now suppose the two drug companies merge. What is the likely post merger bargaining…Public goods area. efficiently provided by market forces.b. underprovided in the absence of government.c. overused in the absence of government.d. a type of natural monopoly.Blueknighted Airlines flies round trip from Chicago to Houston several times a day. Steve buys a round-trip ticket one month in advance and pays a price of $200. If Julie buys the ticket one day in advance, and sits next to Steve on the plane, she pays a price of $1,000. Such differences in price are known as Question 8 options: antitrust pricing revenue exploitation predatory pricing price discrimination utility maximization