Contains a bait molecule which sequesters and inactivates microbial proteases. Small protein expressed on the skin with potent antibacterial activity against E. coli. Multimeric proteins with 5 identical subunits which bind to the pathogen surface. Amphipathic molecules which insert into microbial membranes to form a disruptive pore. Activated as part of the Kinin cascade, causes vasodilation.
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- A white blood cell has pathogen recognition proteins embedded in its plasma membrane. Initially, the the pathogen recognition proteins are spread over the whole surface of the white blood cell. The white blood cell comes into contact with a bacterial cell. Some of the pathogen recognition proteins bind to the lipoteichoic acid molecules on the surface of the bacterial cell. As time goes on, more and more of the pathogen recognition proteins bind to the lipoteichoic acid molecules on the bacterial cell surface. The white blood cell membrane at the point of contact between these 2 cells now contains a dense cluster pathogen recognition proteins. How is it possible for the pathogen recognition proteins to go from being equally distributed on the white blood cell surface to being clustered at the point of contact?Which of the following would you anticipate would be secreted through the Type III secretion system during infection? a secondary messenger effector that is unable to cross the host cell membrane, such as the AexT protein that disrupts the host cell cytoskeleton the superantigen TSST that is responsible for the signs and symptoms associated with toxic shock syndrome a pore-forming cytolytic toxin, such as a hemolysin not enough information to determine the AB toxin responsible for the flaccid paralysis associated with botulismChemicals released to complete extracellular killing include __________. (Select all that apply) IgA perforin iron binding molecule lysozyme granzyme histamine
- The material which is the result of the battle between macrophages and invading microbes is called ___. It is a yellow or greenish semi-liquid.Stomach acid has a pH of approximately 1 which is very strong. This kills most microbes that reach the stomach. This is the ___ line of defense. chemical physical mechanical cell mediatedWhich of the following would represent an "opportunity" for an opportunistic pathogen? exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in a crowded nightclub disinfecting skin before doing a blood draw use of a broad-spectrum antibiotic that kills most bacteria in the large intestine.
- Which of these pairs are mismatched? a. cytosol: intracellular pathogen b. surface of epithelium: extracellular pathogen c. nucleus: intracellular pathogen d. lymph: intracellular pathogenThe antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a special class of nonspecific cell-derived mediators with broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. Choose the answers below that describe their activity. made in response to an invading pathogen damage cell membranes of invaders utilize antibodies engulf pathogen disrupt intracellular function of pathogenWhich of the following is true about zymogens? A. Proproteins are one type of zymogen. B. Zymogens are inactivated by inhibitor proteins. C. Zymogens are enzymatically inactive. D. Zymogens cleave proteases.
- Which of the following statements correctly compares/contrasts the ways in which antibiotics and antibodies interact with the cells of pathogens that they can affect during an infection? Group of answer choices Antibiotics and antibodies both enter cells and kill them Antibodies enter cells and kill them; antibiotics attach to the outside of cells Antibiotics enter cells and kill them; antibodies attach to the outside of cells Antibiotics and antibodies both attach to the outside of cellsWhen a child skins their knee and neosporin is applied, this reduces the chances of pathogens gaining entry to the body by Group of answer choices use of a biofilm. the parenteral route. adhesion to receptor proteins. endocytosis.In general, why might cell-wall inhibiting antimicrobial drugs be less effective on gram-negative bacteria compared to gram-positive bacteria? The gram-negative bacteria digest these drugs at a much higher rate than gram-positive bacteria. The mutation rate of gram-negative bacteria is much greater than that of gram-positive bacteria. The outer membrane of the gram-negative bacteria inhibits penetration of the drug. The peptidoglycan found in gram-positive bacteria is structurally different from that in gram-negative bacteria. The gram-negative bacteria do not synthesize peptidoglycan.