Contemporary world Explain and give me an examples Dynamics of Local and Global CultureGlobal flows of culture tend to move more easily around the globe thanever before, especially through non-material digital forms. There are threeperspectives on global cultural flows. These are differentialism, hybridization,and convergence.Cultural differentialism emphasizes the fact that cultures are essentiallydifferent and are only superficially affected by global flows. The interaction ofcultures is deemed to contain the potential for "catastrophic collision." SamuelHuntington's theory on the clash of the civilizations proposed in 1996 bestexemplifies this approach. According to Huntington, after the Cold War, political-economic differences were overshadowed by new fault lines, which wereprimarily cultural in nature. Increasing interaction among different "civilizations"(such as the Sinic, Islamic, Orthodox, and Western) would lead to intense clashes,especially the economic conflict between the Western and Sinic civilizationsand bloody political conflict between the Western and Islamic civilizations(Huntington, 2004). This theory has been critiqued for a number of reasons,especially on its portrayal of Muslims as being "prone to violence" (Huntington,1996).The cultural hybridization approach emphasizes the integration of local andglobal cultures (Cvetkovich and Kellner, 1997). Globalization is considered to be acreative process which gives rise to hybrid entities that are not reducible to eitherthe global or the local. A key concept is "glocalization" or the interpenetrationof the global and local resulting in unique outcomes in different geographicareas (Giulianotti and Robertson, 2007, p. 133). Another key concept is ArjunAppadurai's "scapes" in 1996, where global flows involve people, technology,finance, political images, and media and the disjunctures between them, whichlead to the creation of cultural hybrids.The cultural convergence approach stresses homogeneity introducedby globalization. Cultures are deemed to be radically altered by strong flows,while cultural imperialism happens when one culture imposes itself on andtends to destroy at least parts of another culture. One important critique ofcultural imperialism is John Tomlinson's idea of "deterritorialization" of culture.Deterritorialization means that it is much more difficult to tie culture to a specificgeographic point of origin.Chapter 1: Defining Globalization 9 media" (p. 11), such as Microsoft, Facebook, Twitter, Google, and Apple's iTunes.As a result, in the long run, the Internet could end up being less diverse andcompetitive. Independent Media Center, associated with the alter-globalizationmovement, helps to counter this trend. It disseminates information to facilitateglobal participation of activists. Hacktivists extend activism to the Internet byhacking into computer programs to promote a particular cause (Juris, 2005).Ritzer (2008) claimed that, in general, the contemporary world is undergoingthe process of McDonaldization. It is the process by which Western societies aredominated by the principles of fast food restaurants. McDonaldization involves theglobal spread of rational systems, such as efficiency, calculability, predictability,and control. Ritzer (2008) pointed out that this process is "extended to otherbusinesses, sectors, and geographic areas" (p. 169). Grobalization, in contrast toglocalization, is a process wherein nations, corporations, etc. impose themselveson geographic areas in order to gain profits, power, and so on (Ryan, 2007). Ritzer(2007) also espoused the idea that globalization can also be seen as a flow of"nothing" as opposed to "something," involving the spread of non-places, non-things, non-people, and non-services.On the other hand, heterogeneity pertains to the creation of various culturalpractices, new economies, and political groups because of the interactionof elements from different societies in the world. Heterogeneity refers to thedifferences because of either lasting differences or of the hybrids or combinationsof cultures that can be produced through the different transplanetary processes.Contrary to cultural imperialism, heterogeneity in culture is associated withcultural hybridization. A more specific concept is "glocalization" coined byRoland Robertson in 1992. To him, as global forces interact with local factors ora specific geographic area, the "glocal" is being produced. Economic issues arenot exempted from heterogeneity. The commodification of cultures and "glocal"markets are examples of differentiation happening in many economies aroundthe world. The same goes with political institutions. Barber (1995) also providedthe alternate of "McWorld"-the "Jihad." As Ritzer (2008) mentioned, it refersto the political groups that are engaged in an "intensification of nationalism andthat leads to greater political heterogeneity throughout the world" (p. 576).Although homogeneity and heterogeneity give us idea about the effects ofglobalization, the picture is not yet complete. The theories about globalizationwill be clarified as we look closer at each of them in the succeeding chapters.8 The Contemporary World

Question

Contemporary world Explain and give me an examples Dynamics of Local and Global CultureGlobal flows of culture tend to move more easily around the globe thanever before, especially through non-material digital forms. There are threeperspectives on global cultural flows. These are differentialism, hybridization,and convergence.Cultural differentialism emphasizes the fact that cultures are essentiallydifferent and are only superficially affected by global flows. The interaction ofcultures is deemed to contain the potential for &#34;catastrophic collision.&#34; SamuelHuntington's theory on the clash of the civilizations proposed in 1996 bestexemplifies this approach. According to Huntington, after the Cold War, political-economic differences were overshadowed by new fault lines, which wereprimarily cultural in nature. Increasing interaction among different &#34;civilizations&#34;(such as the Sinic, Islamic, Orthodox, and Western) would lead to intense clashes,especially the economic conflict between the Western and Sinic civilizationsand bloody political conflict between the Western and Islamic civilizations(Huntington, 2004). This theory has been critiqued for a number of reasons,especially on its portrayal of Muslims as being &#34;prone to violence&#34; (Huntington,1996).The cultural hybridization approach emphasizes the integration of local andglobal cultures (Cvetkovich and Kellner, 1997). Globalization is considered to be acreative process which gives rise to hybrid entities that are not reducible to eitherthe global or the local. A key concept is &#34;glocalization&#34; or the interpenetrationof the global and local resulting in unique outcomes in different geographicareas (Giulianotti and Robertson, 2007, p. 133). Another key concept is ArjunAppadurai's &#34;scapes&#34; in 1996, where global flows involve people, technology,finance, political images, and media and the disjunctures between them, whichlead to the creation of cultural hybrids.The cultural convergence approach stresses homogeneity introducedby globalization. Cultures are deemed to be radically altered by strong flows,while cultural imperialism happens when one culture imposes itself on andtends to destroy at least parts of another culture. One important critique ofcultural imperialism is John Tomlinson's idea of &#34;deterritorialization&#34; of culture.Deterritorialization means that it is much more difficult to tie culture to a specificgeographic point of origin.Chapter 1: Defining Globalization 9 media&#34; (p. 11), such as Microsoft, Facebook, Twitter, Google, and Apple's iTunes.As a result, in the long run, the Internet could end up being less diverse andcompetitive. Independent Media Center, associated with the alter-globalizationmovement, helps to counter this trend. It disseminates information to facilitateglobal participation of activists. Hacktivists extend activism to the Internet byhacking into computer programs to promote a particular cause (Juris, 2005).Ritzer (2008) claimed that, in general, the contemporary world is undergoingthe process of McDonaldization. It is the process by which Western societies aredominated by the principles of fast food restaurants. McDonaldization involves theglobal spread of rational systems, such as efficiency, calculability, predictability,and control. Ritzer (2008) pointed out that this process is &#34;extended to otherbusinesses, sectors, and geographic areas&#34; (p. 169). Grobalization, in contrast toglocalization, is a process wherein nations, corporations, etc. impose themselveson geographic areas in order to gain profits, power, and so on (Ryan, 2007). Ritzer(2007) also espoused the idea that globalization can also be seen as a flow of&#34;nothing&#34; as opposed to &#34;something,&#34; involving the spread of non-places, non-things, non-people, and non-services.On the other hand, heterogeneity pertains to the creation of various culturalpractices, new economies, and political groups because of the interactionof elements from different societies in the world. Heterogeneity refers to thedifferences because of either lasting differences or of the hybrids or combinationsof cultures that can be produced through the different transplanetary processes.Contrary to cultural imperialism, heterogeneity in culture is associated withcultural hybridization. A more specific concept is &#34;glocalization&#34; coined byRoland Robertson in 1992. To him, as global forces interact with local factors ora specific geographic area, the &#34;glocal&#34; is being produced. Economic issues arenot exempted from heterogeneity. The commodification of cultures and &#34;glocal&#34;markets are examples of differentiation happening in many economies aroundthe world. The same goes with political institutions. Barber (1995) also providedthe alternate of &#34;McWorld&#34;-the &#34;Jihad.&#34; As Ritzer (2008) mentioned, it refersto the political groups that are engaged in an &#34;intensification of nationalism andthat leads to greater political heterogeneity throughout the world&#34; (p. 576).Although homogeneity and heterogeneity give us idea about the effects ofglobalization, the picture is not yet complete. The theories about globalizationwill be clarified as we look closer at each of them in the succeeding chapters.8 The Contemporary World

Accepted Answer

Culture refers to the shared belief system, ideals, language, religion, customs, traditions, and…