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- Carbon steel cubes (side = 8 mm, ρ = 7833 kg/m3, k = 54 W/m·°C, Cp = 0.465 kJ/kg·°C, and α = 1.474x10-6 m2/s) are annealed by heating them first to 850°C in a furnace and then allowing them to cool slowly to 95°C in ambient air at 28°C. What is the total rate of heat transfer from the cubes to the ambient air, when 2700 cubes are to be annealed per hour (in Watts)?In a ball bearing production facility, steel balls (k=50 W/m.K, c=0.460 kJ/kg.K, ρ=7865 kg/m3) that are each of 13,99 mm in diameter are annealed by first heating them to 870 oC and then slowly cooling in air to 125 oC. If the cooling air stream temperature is 60 oC, and it has a convective heat transfer coefficient of 35 W/m2.K), determine the time [s] required for the cooling.A refrigerator is connected to a generator powered by a fuel with a calorific value of 35000 kJ/kg and a density of 0.85 g/cm3 . The inside temperature of the refrigerator is 0°C, and the outside temperature is 20°C. a. How much work is required to freeze 500 g of water? ΔfreezingH° = 6.02 kJ mol– 1 ) b. How much internal energy change occurs during the process? c. Since the generator consumes 5 L of fuel per hour, calculate the thermal efficiency of this engine.
- Students are casting an aluminum cylinder of diameter D = 2.5 cm and length of L = 10 cm from molten aluminum. The heated aluminum comes out of the mold at Ti = 530°C where it is quenched to T = 30°C by a cold-water faucet at T∞= 20°C and ℎ=1000 W/m2⋅K. Assume the thermophysical properties of aluminum are k = 230 W/m⋅K, ρ= 2710 kg/m3, and cp = 0.9 kJ/kg⋅K. First, determine whether the Lumped Capacitance Method is valid. Then, use the appropriate equation to determine how much time the aluminum cylinder must remain under the faucet to reach the desired temperature.Compare an SHS with a solid storage material and an LHS with a PCM storage material. The thermal capacity of energy storage system is a capacity of 600 kWh. The properties of storage media are density of the SHS medium is 2400 kg/m3 and its specific heat is 1 kJ/kg K, density of the PCM medium is 1808 kg/m3, fusion enthalpy is 212 kJ/kg, and its specific heat is 1.8 kJ/kg K. The storage medium temperature variation ΔT in the TES system is 60 K. Determine for both storage systems (a) the storage energy density and (b) the mass and volume of storage medium.An electric motor is to be connected by a horizontal steel shaft (k 42.56 W/m.K), 25 mm in diameter to an impeller of a pump, circulating liquid metal at a temperature of 540°C. If the temperature of electric motor is limited to a maximum value of 52°C with the ambient air at 27°C and heat transfer coefficient of 40.7 W/m2.K, what length of shaft should be specified between the motor and pump? Steel shaft
- 500 kilograms of dressed chicken enter a chiller at 10°C are frozen and chilled to a final temperature of -15°C for storage in 20 hours. Compute the product load.Specificheat above freezing............3.2 kJ/kg-°KSpecific heat below freezing............1.6 kJ/kg-°KLatent heat...........250 kJ/kgFreezing Temperature.......... -5°CA. 2.18 kwB. 6.67 kwC. 3.67 kwD. 7.67 kwThermodynamic problema Determine the final temperature of 0.8kg of glass with heat capacity of C = 0.092 cal/g°k and initial temperature of 40°C when heat of 580KJ is extracted.Under the conditions given below, design an water-cooling unit that cools 20000 kg of fruit and vegetables from 30 ° C to 5 ° C per hour. The cooling unit is in the water channel and the products cool as they pass through the water filled channel. The products are taken from one end to the water-filled channel and taken from the channel at the other. The channel width is 3 meters and the height is 90 cm. The water in the channel is recirculated continuously and cooled in the evaporator section of the cooling system. The coolant temperature in the evaporator pipes is -2 ° C. The water temperature does not fall below 1 ° C and does not rise above 6 ° C. Taking appropriate values for product density, specific heat and porosity (air volume ratio in the box); a-) water velocity in the channel and b-) Suggest suitable values for the cooling capacity of the cooling system
- 2.2 A small dam, which is idealized by a large slab 1.2 m thick, is to be completely poured in a short Period of time. The hydration of the concrete results in the equivalent of a distributed source of constant strength of 100 W/m3. If both dam surfaces are at 16°C, determine the maximum temperature to which the concrete will be subjected, assuming steady-state conditions. The thermal conductivity of the wet concrete can be taken as 0.84 W/m K.During processing in a steel mill, a 375kg steel casting at 800 degrees is quenched by plunging it into a 500-gal oil bath, which is initially 75 degrees . After the casting cools and the oil bath warms , what is the final tempertature of the two? The weight per unit volume of the oil is 7.5 lb/gal.A 5-feet diameter Chimney is designed to handle a flue gas produced in a steam power plant at a rate of 17 lb/s. The barometric pressure is 29.92-inch Hg. Outside air enters the combustion chamber at 90 F. The average temperature of the flue gas inside the Chimney is 572 F and its molecular weight is 30. Cv = 0.35, Rair = 53.342 ft-lb/lb-R. Calculate: 5. The total draft, feet of air. 6. The height of the Chimney, feet