Cytochrome c is part of the respiratory chain in most cells. How can cytochrome c be a signal to induce (start) apoptosis if it already exists in most cells?

Q: Nuclear localization signals are not cleaved off after transport into the nucleus, whereas the…

A: A nuclear localization signal (NLS) is essentially a sequence of amino acids which 'tags' a protein…

Q: What would happen to a cell if it did not produce any autolysins? What if it produced too many in an…

A: autolysin is an enzyme that is capable of breaking apart peptidoglycan, a constituent of the cell.…

Q: (a) Delineate an apoptosis initiated sequence of post-PDI activity in detail. How can tosis…

A:

Q: Compare and contrast apoptosis and pyroptosis.

A: A microorganism is considered a pathogen when it is harmful to humans or causes diseases. Numerous…

Q: What events happen in a cell undergoing apoptosis?

A: Apoptosis - Apoptosis is defined by the process of cell shrinkage, DNA fragmentation, and…

Q: Describe the phenomenon of pyroptosis. How does it differ from apoptosis and necrosis?

A: Introduction :- The process of programmed cell death is known as apoptosis. It is utilised to…

Q: apoptosis

A: Apoptosis Apoptosis is  a cell death which is done in a programmed manner. It is triggered by…

Q: Most hormones, such as peptide hormones, exert their effects by binding to cell- surface receptors.…

A: Hormones are involved in the signaling molecules which are produced by glands of the multicellular…

Q: Why do signaling responses that involve changesin proteins already present in the cell occur in…

A: Signaling responses that involve changes in proteins already present in the cell occur in…

Q: For most signaling molecules, explain why a signal transduction pathway is necessary

A: Introduction  As multicellular organisms are made up of a lot of cells, there must be coordination…

Q: How Do Mitochondria Mediate Apoptosis?

A: Mitochondria in eukaryotic cells are majorly involved in cellular respiration. The mitochondrial…

Q: Why doesn't Cdk1 active immediately upon binding to cyclin B? What other components of the cell’s…

A: It includes cell division, replication and growth. All these processes should be carried out in a…

Q: Please answer question 1 Question 1 In order to prevent a specific event (step) from occurring in a…

A: MAPK signaling helps to amplify, relay, and integrate signals and result in physiological responses…

Q: How can a dream about winning the lottery be based on activation-synthesis theory?

A: Activation-synthesis theory The theory refers to the neurobiological theory of dreams. It explains…

Q: What are the roles of cytochrome c in Apoptosis

A: Introduction The cytochrome complex, also known as cyt c, is a tiny hemeprotein found loosely…

Q: A molecule that terminates or opposes a phosphorylation-mediated pathway would be a ... O a)…

A: Introduction: The phosphorylation reaction occurs in cascades or series, with one enzyme activating…

Q: Suppose that you have cancer cell line X was treated with drug Y to increase the expression levels…

A: Given, X is a cancer cell line which was treated with a drug Y. It resulted in the increase of…

Q: List the actions that occur in a cell during apoptosis.

A: Apoptosis is a collective process in which the cell's contents are packaged into small packets of…

Q: What cellular response is activated in response to a large number of misfolded proteins?

A: Protein misfolding and aggregation is one among the many problems that cause neurodegenerative…

Q: How would the changes from the table above result in skeletal muscle cell protease and lipase…

A: Numerous signalling pathways and biological activities are under the control of intracellular…

Q: Why is an ER signal sequence from a plasma membrane protein not sufficient to send a cytosolic…

A: Protein targeting to individual organelles is an important process. Protiens are brought to the…

Q: Explain the role of the mitochondria in apoptosis.

A: Mitochondrion  is a double membrane structure. They produce cellular energy in the form of ATP.…

Q: Based on your understanding of the events surrounding cell death, predict the effect(s) of the…

A: Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death in which certain signals cause the cell to die.…

Q: Suppose that you have cancer cell line X was treated with drug Y to increase the expression levels…

A: The genes that suppress tumors are ordinary genes, which delay cell division, fix DNA errors or tell…

Q: The structure of a plant cell wall needs to loosen to accommodate cell growth. What signaling…

A: Cell wall in plants are made up of cellulose, a structural polysaccharide with the monomer glucose.…

Q: How do mitochondria initiate apoptosis?

A: Apoptosis is defined as programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Apoptosis can…

Q: What happens to a cell if cyclin-dependent kinases are silenced? What if overexpressed?

A: Number of regulatory system of the cell which monitors the progress in cell cycle and can inhibit…

Q: During apoptosis, phosphatidylserine undergoes transverse movement (flip-flop). Explain why this…

A: The programmed cell death is also known as apoptosis. The apoptosis process includes phagocytic…

Q: What do you mean by S-phase cyclindependent kinases?

A: Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk) are a family of serine/threonine protein kinases. Cdks play a…

Q: Name the process by which hormones and digestive enzymes are released? A. Phagocytosis B.…

A: Hormones are the chemical messenger secreted by the endocrine glands of the body. They travel…

Q: why do cells contain a genetic program that tells the cell to commit apoptosis?

A: Apoptosis is an orderly process in which death of cells occur as a normal and controlled part of an…

Q: Please answer question 1 Question 1 In order to prevent a specific event (step) from occurring in…

A: In eukaryotes ranging from yeast to humans, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) modules…

Q: Suppose that you have cancer cell line X was treated with drug Y to increase the expression levels…

A: Cancer cell lines are usually generated by isolating them from the cancer tissue itself. These cells…

Q: Activation of KIT promotes cells to undergo apoptosis

A: Cell line 2 is breast cancer cell line That express mutant version of receptor protein called KIT

Q: How does Cytochrome C contribute to the induction of cellular apoptosis?

A: Apoptosis is a programmed cell death. It is a mechanism by which the error prone cell genome or…

Q: What would most likely occur to nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling if the intrinsic GTPase activity of…

A: The RAN-GTPase (guanine triphosphatase) molecule has a crucial role in distinct cellular functions…

Q: Two mechanisms inducing Apoptosis, Extrinsic pathway and Intrinsic pathway, have difference and…

A:

Q: What are some examples of human cells that produce proteins for exportation? Which cytoplasmic…

A: Protein export is a cellular process in which protein that has been manufactured in a cell is…

Q: How efficient the whole process of apoptosis inducing ion channels can be?

A: Step 1 Apoptosis is a process when a cell kills itself (dead cell). Sometimes cell gets infected due…

Q: Why do cancer cells treated with vitamin E succinate appear to be more vulnerable to rupture of…

A: A normal cell undergoes regulated division, differentiation and apoptosis or programmed cell…

Q: Given that CDKS are "kinases", how do they activate or inactivate other proteins? Why are cyclins…

A: Period between two mitotic division is called as the cell cycle. Cell cycle is the event taking…

Q: Name three possible routes for a substance to be degraded by the lysosome

A: A lysosome is a cell organelle which is found in the cytoplasm of the cell. Lysosomes contains…

Q: Is the regulation shown (denoted by?) positive or negative regulation? Explain why the type of…

A: A feedback loop is a biological process wherein the output or the final product of a system…

Q: Why lysosomes are called “suicidal bags”?

A: Lysosomes are membrane bound vesicular structures formed by the process of packaging in the Golgi…

Q: In a cell that is signaled to undergo apoptosis, the caspase cascade is initiated ("turned ON") by…

A: Apoptosis is suicidal cell death in response to certain cues or signals. It is a programmed and…

Q: Also explain why this enzyme does not break down proteins on its way to the lysosome but becomes…

A: Lysosome. A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. ... They…

Q: egulate cell division and cell mass. the following effects of map kinase activation explains an…

A: MAPK pathways relay, amplify and integrate signals from a diverse range of stimuli and elicit an…

Q: What is the purpose of the Map Kinase Cascade?

A: Cell signalling is a phenomenon of taking up information from the environment , and crosses through…

Q: How are actin-regulatory proteinscontrolled spatially in the cytoplasm togenerate multiple distinct…

A: Actin is one of the most important proteins in the cell, playing a major role in cell motility,…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.