D. England coastal community is given by MSB = 40 – 1.5*q, and the marginal cost is MSC = 0.5*q; where q is thousand tons of fish harvested in the current year, and MSB and MSC are measured in million dollars. Assume overfishing will reduce the productivity and the fishery and specifically each thousand tons of fish harvested this year will reduce the present value of future benefits by 4 million dollars, that is the marginal user cost MUC = 4. Determine the quantity of output that achieves static efficiency. Determine the quantity of output that achieves dynamic efficiency. The marginal social benefits generated from commercial fishing in an New %3D a. b.
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- QUESTION 8 Suppose the Queensland Government is considering limiting the number of visitors to the Great BarrierReef. In CBA, the total value of the Great Barrier Reef is estimated to be 200 million dollars while the use- value isestimated to be 80 million dollars. This implies the non - use value of it must be_______million dollars, after limiting thenumber of visitors, its use -value will______(increase, decrease or remain unchanged). Provide your answer to thenearest million and do not include the S sign in your answer.Show all work. Draw graphs to explain your answers. The correct answers will include areas on the graph and dollar values. Suppose a chemical factory discharges waste products into a river resulting in significant damages to a local fishery. The marginal damage to the fishery (measured in terms of the value of lost fish stocks) is represented by the equation:MDC = 10E The chemical factory can reduce its effluent flows by treating its waste products. Its marginal abatement cost (MAC) function is given by the equation: MAC = 1,200 - 5E. What level of emissions will occur if the chemical factory is not regulated? What would the total abatement costs for the chemical factory be if emissions are controlled and reduced to zero? If no liability laws are in place, what damages will the chemical factory inflict on the fishery? (Hint: find TDC) If the government puts in place a liability law that requires the chemical factory to compensate the fishery for the damages it causes,…Assume the following: A community, Manatee, has a small groundwater aquifer, with water to allocate over 2 years. Assume that this resource is non-renewable. Each year is labeled Period 1 and 2, respectively. Use 2 decimal places throughout your work. Water reserves = 12,000 litres, to be allocated over Period 1 & Period 2 Interest rates are at 8% Marginal Benefits: MB1 = 5000 - ½Q1 , MB2 = 5000 - ½Q2 Marginal Costs of extraction: MC1 = 120 , MC2 = 120 (a) What is the optimal allocation of water, under a static efficiency allocation, for both periods? (b) What should the dynamic optimal allocations be (quantities and prices) in Period 1 and Period 2?
- Consider 3 individuals in a small town: Alice, Bianca, and Claire. There is an NGO who can provide an art museum for their town with the help of local contributions. The higher the contributions, the larger the art collection of the museum. Their respective direct marginal benefits from N works of art are: MBA=7-N, MBB=7-½N, MBC=23-½N2, and their respective marginal costs are: MCA=2, MCB=3, MBC=5. Find each person’s optimal number of art works. Who will contribute and how many works of art will be provided?The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency investigates how emissions of an environmentally hazardous substance from an industrial sector should be regulated, either through a tax on the emissions or through a quantitative regulation (limit value). As this is a new substance (new substance), knowledge of the level of environmental damage and the costs of reducing emissions is uncertain. In more technical terms: the regulatory authorities do not have complete information on the positions on either the dD / dM curve (marginal damages) or the MAC curve (marginal abatement costs). a) Explain and show graphically whether - and if so how - the uncertainty about the position of the MAC curve affects the choice between regulating emissions with a tax or limit value from a socio-economic efficiency perspective. b) Explain and show graphically whether - and if so how - the uncertainty about the position of the dD / dM curve affects the choice between regulating emissions with a tax or limit…Discuss any two of the eight infrastructure investments prioritised bythe NDP in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals (Todaro &Smith, 2020:17). Answer the following Question:• Indicate to which degree each infrastructure investment alignswith one or more of the Sustainable Development Goals. Note: The chosen infrastrucutre investments are Transportation and sustainable cities and communities.
- Three neighboring towns – Marshland, Dampland, and Wetland – all border the same lake. The lake frequently floods causing damage to property in all three towns. Each town would benefit from flood mitigation, but the level of benefits differs. With Z representing the level of mitigation: for Marshland, MB = 3 – Z for Dampland, MB = 4 – 2Z for Wetland, MB = 11- Z The marginal cost of flood mitigation is MC = 2 + 12Z Questions: ***Please Note*** Previous Expert Calculated: Z = 16/3 as the Solution to (a) Math Solver Calculates: Z = 1 ***Please Resolve*** (a) What is the socially optimal level of Z? (b) What would each individual town be willing to pay for this level of flood mitigation? (c) The representative from Wetland proposes that each town pay an equal share for the optimal level of flood mitigation. Would…When the aggregate marginal savings function is uncertain and the marginal damagecurve is relatively flat, is it optimal to use an emission limit system (cap and trade) or totax emissions to regulate pollution?Compare and contrast the following concepts and indicate their implications: in the context of city formation, external economies of scale in production vs economies of scale in production chegg
- Suppose there is a public park. The annual cost of maintenance is $200,000. Visiting the park is free, and it is visited 210,000 times every year. However, to fund better maintenance of the park, the government wants to make visitors pay $4.70 per visit. Implementing a security system (to prevent visitors from sneaking into the park) will cost $0.50 per visit and $260,000 in annual fixed expenditures. At the same time, maintenance costs are expected to rise by 23%, not including security costs. The number of visits to the park is expected to fall by 34%Respond to the question with a concise and accurate answer, along with a clear explanation and step-by-step solution, or risk receiving a downvote. Assume a reservoir’s water supply of 25,000 acre-feet of water can be used for municipal (m) and/or agricultural (a) purposes. The total benefits for each use are described as: TBa = 1000Wa – 0.025Wa2 So, the Marginal Benefit for agriculture is: MBa = 1000 – 0.05 Wa TBm = 1500Wm – 0.1Wm2 So, the Marginal Benefit for municipal purposes is: MBm = 1500 – 0.2 Qm Where Wa is acre feet of water used in agriculture and Wm is acre feet of water used for municipal purposes b. Suppose an additional 1,000 acre feet of water could be had by constructing a new reservoir. What is the new efficient allocation of water for each category of use?(I.) Draw (for yourself) the marginal abatement cost curves for Al and Bob, with “units of runoff abated” on the horizontal axis and “marginal cost” on the vertical axis. How do the curves look like? a. The two lines start from the origin with slopes of 3 and 5 for Al and Bob, respectively b. The two lines are flat with respect to the horizontal axis with intercepts of 3 and 5 for Al and Bob, respectively (II.) To achieve its goal, suppose the local agency asks Al and Bob to abate 10 units each and offers to pay their total abatement costs. What is the total cost to the agency? a. 400 b. 300 c. 250 (III.) (Considering Al’s and Bob’s marginal abatement costs in part (II), has the agency achieved its abatement goal at the lowest possible cost? Why or why not? a. Yes, because the Equimarginal Principle was satisfied b. No, because the Equimarginal Principle was not satisfied c. Yes, because the pollution level was reduced d. No, because the pollution level was not reduced enough