Define origin-recognition complex (ORC)

Q: a. What are the purposes of sequence alignment?

A: Sequence alignment is a method by which one can arrange sequences of DNA, RNA and protein so as to…

Q: What is an advantage of making a cDNA library rather than a genomic library?

A: DNA library or the gene library is the collection of DNA sequences from different organisms. These…

Q: Define open reading frames (ORFs)

A: Open reading frames are spans of DNA in between start and stop codons. It contains no stop codons.…

Q: Define the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) ?

A: Ribonucleic‌ ‌acid‌ ‌(RNA)‌ ‌‌is also‌ ‌a type of ‌genetic‌ ‌material‌ that is composed of ribose…

Q: Name a special enzyme used by a  "copy and paste" transposable element.

A: Transposable elements  Transposable elements are sequence found in DNA that have ability to move…

Q: Describe the strange nature of highly repetitive sequences and their function.

A: Introduction : Mammalian genomes have two major types of highly repetitive sequences: interspersed…

Q: Define recognition sequence.

A: A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease is a protein, which can recognize a particular…

Q: Explain why genetic maps are useful?

A: A genome is a usually stated that they are been term as the set of genetic information about an…

Q: What two processing steps ensure that RNA is stabilized before it leave the nucleus?

A: RNA encodes amino acids sequences  and coveys genetic information from DNA to the translation…

Q: describe insertion sequences

A: DNA is the information centre for most organisms. DNA is made up of a long chain of nucleotide base…

Q: occur as a result of biotransformation

A: The process of chemically changing the compounds inside the body from one compound to a different…

Q: Explain the difference between Class I and Class II transposable elementts.

A: DNA is the genetic material . Most of the DNA is not actually coding for proteins .

Q: What is the importance of TA within the EcoRV recognition sequence?

A: Restriction enzymes cleaves DNA sequences at sequence-specific sites thus producing DNA fragments…

Q: What do the spacers within the CRISPR region correspond to?

A: CRISPR that is clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats. It is found in the…

Q: Describe the basic components of CRISPR.

A: CRISPR mechanism is useful for the bacteria in protecting themselves from the attack of viruses. It…

Q: Briefly outline the components of the CRISPR/Cas system

A: Nonspecific endonuclease (Cas9 or Cpf1 closely associated) is used by CRISPR / Cas9 genome editing…

Q: In the CRISPR-Cas system, does the tracrRNA act as a scaffold, guide, ribozyme, blocker, decoy,…

A: The CRISPR-Cas system is a defense system against foreign invaders like bacteriophage, transposons,…

Q: Discuss the bioinformatics approaches that can be used to identifya protein-encoding gene.

A: The process of recognizing the protein-encoding gene is crucial and has numerous applications. Such…

Q: Discuss the effects of transposable elements on gene function.

A: Transposable elements also known as jumping genes these are short sequences of DNA that have the…

Q: Define the following terms: a. Okazaki fragment b. ter region c. tus protein d. transcription…

A: The terms needs to defined are as follows: a. okazaki fragments b. ter region c. tus protein d.…

Q: If a diagnostic procedure turns into a surgical procedure, how is it coded?

A: If a diagnostic laparoscopy results in an open surgical procedure, one probably report the…

Q: An insertion sequence contains a large deletion in its transposase gene. Under what circumstances…

A: The insertion sequence is the simple transposon of bacteria. Transposons are the DNA segments that…

Q: Explain the sequencing-by synthesis (SBS) approach ?

A: One of the well-known states that are known as fundamental topics in Arithmetic is sequence and…

Q: What is the difference between a genomic library and a cDNA library?

A: The genomic library is a set of cells that together contains an organism’s whole genome that is cut…

Q: For what silencing of mRNA has been used?

A: RNA (Ribo Nucleic Acid) is the genetic material found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It is the prime…

Q: Explain how Northern and Western blotting are used to detect specific RNAs and proteins,…

A: Nucleic acid is serving as primary information carrying molecule in cells. There are two types of…

Q: Define about RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) ?

A: The RNA in a cell contains information that is used to make proteins and perform other important…

Q: Explain why it is sometimes difficult to locate genomic regions that encode a protein.

A: A gene is a DNA-based functional heredity unit that delivers instructions for the production of RNA…

Q: Draw the structure of a typical insertion sequence and identify its parts.

A: There are two types of transposons such as replicative and non-replicative transposons. They are…

Q: Identify the type of ncRNA function that is pictured:

A: A non-coding RNA is a functional RNA molecule that is transcribed from DNA but not translated into…

Q: Given this sequence: AUG TAT ACC GAG, which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation?…

A: The sudden, inheritable, and stable alteration in the genetic material is said to be a MUTATION. The…

Q: Define a mutator or mutator gene.

A: A gene is a nucleotide sequence that specifies a certain polypeptide chain or RNA sequence, or that…

Q: Identify the role of ubiquitin and describe the enzymes required for ubiquitination

A: Ubiquitin is a small polypeptide that is highly conserved in eukaryotes. There is a high degree of…

Q: Explain how protein-encoding regions are found when analyzing a DNA sequence.

A: Genes and intergenic gaps are found in the DNA of eukaryotes. Exons and introns are the two subunits…

Q: Explain Sigma factor recognition sequences?

A: Transcription is a process by which the information a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule…

Q: Why is RNA synthesis not as carefully monitored for errors as is DNA synthesis?

A: A human cell can make 10-100 transcription error per second. where errors are a specific part of the…

Q: Briefly explain why RNA-seq gives more information about the transcriptome than does microarray…

A: The RNA transcripts obtained after DNA are converted into RNA by several enzymes by transcription is…

Q: Refer to the figure. What method would you use if you wanted to determine the sequence of the cDNA…

A: cDNA is complementary DNA. This DNA is artificially synthesized from the mRNA template. In genetic…

Q: What are CRISPR-associated (cas) genes ?

A:

Q: Define the features recognition sequences ?

A: Restriction enzymes are endonucleases and digest the DNA molecules into smaller fragments.

Q: Briefly explain how site-directed mutagenesis is carried out.

A: Site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) is a method to create specific, targeted changes in double stranded…

Q: What are cDNA libraries.?

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule composes of two polynucleotide chains. It coils around…

Q: Explain CRISPR and its mechanism.

A: CRISPR is an acronym for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat. This name refers…

Q: The best molecular technique to quantify the gene transcripts is (write in fu!!).

A: The Central Dogma concept states that "DNA makes RNA and RNA makes protein". This concept is…

Q: What is the size of recognition sites?

A: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material in most organisms. Recombinant DNA (rDNA)…

Q: Does the rII region have two genes?

A: A series of the experiment is carried out by Benzer that are designed to define the gene in terms o…

Q: A region of the genome is transcribed into a long non-coding RNA. When used as a query, would…

A: BLASTIN matches with the nucleotide query sequence with nucleotide subject sequence. BLASTX matches…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.