1 The Nature Of Light 2 Geometric Optics And Image Formation 3 Interference 4 Diffraction 5 Relativity 6 Photons And Matter Waves 7 Quantum Mechanics 8 Atomic Structure 9 Condensed Matter Physics 10 Nuclear Physics 11 Particle Physics And Cosmology Chapter5: Relativity
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 5.1CYU: Check Your Understanding Explain how special relativity differs from general relativity. Problem 5.2CYU: Check Your Understanding What is if v=0.650c? Problem 5.3CYU: Check Your Understanding a. A particle travels at 1.90108m/sand lives 2.10108swhen at rest relative... Problem 5.4CYU: Check Your Understanding A particle is traveling through Earth’s atmosphere at a speed of 0.750c. To... Problem 5.5CYU: Check Your Understanding Shaw that if a time increment dt elapses for an observer who sees the... Problem 5.6CYU: Check Your Understanding Distances along a direction perpendicular to the relative motion of the two... Problem 5.7CYU: Check Your Understanding Suppose a space probe moves away from Earth at a speed 0.350c. It sends a... Problem 5.8CYU: Check Your Understanding What is the momentum of an electron traveling at a speed 0.985c? The rest... Problem 5.9CYU: Check Your Understanding What is the kinetic energy of an electron if its speed is 0.992c? Problem 1CQ: Which of Einstein’s postulates of special relativity includes a concept that does not ?t with the... Problem 2CQ: Is Earth an inertial frame of reference? Is the sun? Justify your response. Problem 3CQ: When you are flying in a commercial jet, it may appear to you that the airplane is stationary and... Problem 4CQ: (a) Does motion affect the rate of a clock as measured by an observer moving with it? (b) Does... Problem 5CQ: To whom does the elapsed time for a process seem to be longer, an observer moving relative to the... Problem 6CQ: (a) How could you travel far into the future of Earth without aging significantly? (b) Could this... Problem 7CQ: To whom does an object seem greater in length, an observer moving with the object or an observer... Problem 8CQ: Relativistic effects such as time dilation and length contraction are present for cars and... Problem 9CQ: Suppose an astronaut is moving relative to Earth at a significant fraction of the speed of light.... Problem 10CQ: Explain the meaning of the terms "red shift" and ' 'blue shift" as they relate to the relativistic... Problem 11CQ: What happens to the relativistic Doppler effect when relative velocity is zero? Is this the expected... Problem 12CQ: Is the relativistic Doppler effect consistent with the classical Doppler effect in the that is... Problem 13CQ: All galaxies farther away than about exhibit a red shift in their emitted light that is proportional... Problem 14CQ: How does modern relativity modify the law of conservation of momentum? Problem 15CQ: Is it possible for an external force to be acting on a system and relativistic momentum to be... Problem 16CQ: How are the classical laws of conservation of energy and conservation of mass modified by modern... Problem 17CQ: What happens to the mass of water in a pot when it cools, assuming no molecules escape or are added?... Problem 18CQ: Consider a thought experiment. You place an expanded balloon of air on weighing scales outside in... Problem 19CQ: The mass of the fuel in a nuclear reactor decreases by an observable amount as it puts out energy.... Problem 20CQ: We know that the velocity of an object with mass has an upper limit of c. Is there an upper limit on... Problem 21CQ: Given the fact that light travels at c, can it have mass? Explain. Problem 22CQ: If you use an Earth based telescope to project a laser beam onto the moon, you can move the spot... Problem 23P: What is if (b) If Problem 24P: What is if If Problem 25P: Particles called mesons are produced by accelerator beams. If these particles travel at and live... Problem 26P: Suppose a particle called a kaon is created by cosmic radiation striking the atmosphere. It moves by... Problem 27P: A neutral meson is a particle that can be created by accelerator beams. If one such particle lives... Problem 28P: A neutron lives 900 s when at rest relative to a observer. How fast is the neutron moving relative... Problem 29P: If relativistic effects are to be less than then must be less than 1.01. At what relative velocity... Problem 30P: If relativistic effects are to be less than then must be less than 1.03. At what relative velocity... Problem 31P: A spaceship, 200 m long as. seen on board, moves by the Earth at 0.970c. What is its length as... Problem 32P: How fast would a 6.0 m-long sports car have to be going past you in order for it to appear only 5.5... Problem 33P: (a) How far does the muon in Example 5.3 travel according to the earthbound observer? (b) How far... Problem 34P: (a) How long would the mum] in Example 5.3 have lived as observed on Earth if its velocity was.... Problem 35P: Unreasonable Results A spaceship is heading directly toward Earth at a velocity of 0.800c. The... Problem 36P: Describe the following physical occurrences as events, that is, in the form (x, y, z, t): (a) A... Problem 37P: Describe what happens to the angle and therefore to the transformed axes in Figure 5.17, as the... Problem 38P: Describe the shape of the world line on a space-time diagram of (a) an object that remains at rest... Problem 39P: A man standing still at a train station watches two boys throwing a baseball in a moving train.... Problem 40P: When observed from the sun at a particular instant, Earth and Mars appear to move in opposite... Problem 41P: A man is running on a straight road perpendicular to a train track and away from the track at a... Problem 42P: A man is running on a straight road that makes with the train track. The man is running in the... Problem 43P: In a frame at rest with respect to the billiard table, a billiard ball of mass m moving with speed v... Problem 44P: In a frame at rest with respect to the billiard table, two billiard balls of same mass m are moving... Problem 45P: In a frame S, two events are observed: event 1: a pion is created at rest at the origin and event 2:... Problem 46P: If two spaceships are heading directly toward each other at 0.800c, at what speed must a canister be... Problem 47P: Two planets are on a collision course, heading directly toward each other at 0.250c. A spaceship... Problem 48P: When a missile is shot from one spaceship toward another, it leaves the first at 0.950c and... Problem 49P: What is the relative velocity of two spaceships if one fires a missile at the other at 0.750c and... Problem 50P: Prove that for any relative velocity v between two observers, a beam of light sent from one to the... Problem 51P: Show that for any relative velocity v between two observers, a beam of light projected by one... Problem 52P: A highway patrol officer uses a device that measures the speed of vehicles by bouncing radar off... Problem 53P: Find the momentum of a helium nucleus having a mass of that is moving at 0.200c. Problem 54P: What is the momentum of an electron travelling at 0.98c? Problem 55P: (a) Find the momentum of a asteroid heading towards Earth at 30.0 km/s. (b) Find the ratio of this... Problem 56P: (a) What is the momentum of a 2000-kg satellite orbiting at 4.00 km/s? (b) Find the ratio of this... Problem 57P: What is the velocity of an electron that has a momentum of 3.04×10-21?kg·m/s? Note that you must... Problem 58P: Find the velocity of a proton that has a momentum of Problem 59P: What is the rest energy of an electron, given its mass is Give your answer in joules and MeV. Problem 60P: Find the rest energy in joules and MeV of a proton, given its mass Problem 61P: If the rest energies of a proton and a neutron (the two constituents of nuclei) are 938.3 and 939.6... Problem 62P: The Big Bang that began the universe is estimated to have released of energy. How many stars could... Problem 63P: A supernova explosion of a star produces of energy. (a) How many kilograms of mass are converted to... Problem 64P: (a) Using data from Potential Energy Of a System... Problem 65P: Using data from Potential Energy of a System... Problem 66P: There is approximately of energy available from fusion of hydrogen in the world's oceans. (a) If of... Problem 67P: A muon has a rest mass energy of 105.7 MeV, and it decays into an electron and a massless particle.... Problem 68P: A meson is a particle that decays into a muon and a massless particle. The meson has a rest mass... Problem 69P: (a) Calculate the relativistic kinetic energy of a 1000-kg car moving at 30.0 m/s if the speed of... Problem 70P: Alpha decay is nuclear decay in which a helium nucleus is emitted. If the helium nucleus has a mass... Problem 71P: (a) Beta decay is nuclear decay in which an electron is emitted. If the electron is given 0.750 MeV... Problem 72AP: (a) At what relative velocity is (b) At what relative velocity is Problem 73AP: (a) At what relative velocity is (b) At what relative velocity is Problem 74AP: Unreasonable Results (a) Find the value of required for the following situation. An earthbound... Problem 75AP: (a) How long does it take the astronaut in Example 5.5 to travel 4.30 ly at 0.99944c (as measured by... Problem 76AP: (a) How fast would an athlete need to be running for a race to look 100 yd long? (b) Is the answer... Problem 77AP: (a) Find the value of for the following situation. An astronaut measures the length of his spaceship... Problem 78AP: A clock in a spaceship tuns one-tenth the rate at which an identical clock on Earth runs. What is... Problem 79AP: An astronaut has a heartbeat rate of 66 beats per minute as measured during his physical exam on... Problem 80AP: A spaceship (A) is moving at speed c/2 with to another spaceship (B). Observers in A and B set their... Problem 81AP: Same two observers as in the preceding exercise, but now we look at two events occurring in... Problem 82AP: Same two observers as in the preceding exercises. A rod of length 1 m is laid out on the x-axis in... Problem 83AP: An observer at origin of inertial frame S sees a flashbulb go off at and at time At what time and... Problem 84AP: An observer sees two events 1.5108s apart at a separation of 800 m. How fast must a second observer... Problem 85AP: An observer standing by the railroad tracks sees two bolts of lightning strike the ends of a... Problem 86AP: Two astronomical events are observed from Earth to occur at a time of 1 s apart and a distance... Problem 87AP: Two astronomical events are observed to occur at a time of 0.30 s apart and a distance separation of... Problem 88AP: A spacecraft starts from being at rest at the origin and accelerates at a constant rate g, as seen... Problem 89AP: (a) All but the closest galaxies are receding from our own Milky Way Galaxy. If a galaxy 12.0x109ly... Problem 90AP: Suppose a spaceship heading straight toward the at 0.750c can shoot a canister at 0.500c relative to... Problem 91AP: Repeat the preceding problem with the ship heading directly away from the Earth. Problem 92AP: If a spaceship is approaching the Earth at 0.100c and a message capsule is sent toward it at 0.100c... Problem 93AP: (a) Suppose the speed of light were only 3000 m/s. A jet fighter moving toward a target on the... Problem 94AP: If a galaxy moving away from the Earth has a speed of 1000 km/s and emits 656 nm light... Problem 95AP: A space probe speeding towards the nearest star moves at 0.250c and sends radio information at a... Problem 96AP: Near the center of our galaxy, hydrogen gas is moving directly away from us in its orbit about a... Problem 97AP: (a) Calculate the speed of a particle of dust that has the same momentum as a proton moving at... Problem 98AP: (a) Calculate for a proton that has a momentum of (b) What is its speed? Such protons form a rare... Problem 99AP: Show that the relativistic form of Newton’s second law is (a) F=mdudt1( 1 u 2 / c 2 )3/2 (b) Find... Problem 100AP: A positron is an antimatter version of the electron, having exactly the same mass. When a positron... Problem 101AP: What is the kinetic energy in MeV of a meson that lives s as measured in the laboratory, and when at... Problem 102AP: Find the kinetic energy in MeV of a neutron with a measured life span of 2065 s, given its rest... Problem 103AP: (a) Show that that at large velocities This means that at large velocities(b) Is when as for the... Problem 104AP: One cosmic ray neuron has a velocity of 0.250c relative to the Earth. (a) What is the neutron's... Problem 105AP: What is for a proton having amass energy of 938.3 MeV accelerated through an effective potential of... Problem 106AP: (a) What is the effective accelerating potential for electrons at the Stanford Linear Accelerator,... Problem 107AP: (a) Using data from Potential Energy of a System... Problem 108AP: (a) Calculate the energy released by the destruction of 1.00 kg of mass. (b) How many kilograms... Problem 109AP: A Van de Graaff accelerator utilizes a 50.0 MV potential difference to accelerate charged particles... Problem 110AP: Suppose you use an average of 500 k W·h of electric energy per month in your home. (a) How long... Problem 111AP: (a) A nuclear power plant converts energy from nuclear fission into electricity with an efficiency... Problem 112AP: Nuclear-powered rockets were researched for some years before safety concerns paramount. (a) What... Problem 113AP: The sun energy at a rate of 3.85×10 26 W by the fusion of hydrogen. About 0.7% of each kilogram of... Problem 114AP: Show that for a particle is invariant under Lorentz transformations. Problem 1CQ: Which of Einstein’s postulates of special relativity includes a concept that does not ?t with the...
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Identify Einstein's two postulates for the Special Theory of Relativity and include evidence that supports them. Include a diagram and relevant physics terminology in your answer.
Definition Definition Theory that describes how space and time interact. The special theory of relativity is based on two postulates in Albert Einstein's first formulation: The laws of physics do not change in each inertial frame of reference. The speed of light in free space is constant.
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