Q: In the event of an inflammation in the body, discuss the vaccine concept after indicating how the…
A: Inflammation It is defined as a biological response of the immune system which is stimulated by…
Q: Describe the role of vaccines in providing herd immunity.
A: Our body has developed a specialized mechanism to fight diseases and disease-causing microbes called…
Q: Enlist two immunological diagnostic techniques that rely on a secondary antibody and explain their…
A: In Immunological diagnostic techniques, antigen and antibody play the key role. Specific antigen…
Q: Explain how cytotoxic T cells kill target cells.
A: APCs stands for antigen-presenting cells. They are a large group of a variety of cells that trigger…
Q: Define the term immunological surveillance, and identify the cells involved in this function.
A: Immunological surveillance is the monitoring process of immune system that detects and also destroys…
Q: Explain all immunities.
A: The immune response defends against bacteria, viruses, and substances that appear foreign and…
Q: Compare and contrast live attenuated vaccines, inactivatedvaccines, and toxoids. Which of these has…
A: Vaccines are biological preparation that activate the acquired immunity against a particular…
Q: Explain the properties of a subunit vaccine. Also explain how these types of vaccines provide…
A: Subunit vaccines are a type of vaccines which contain only selected parts of antigens or purified…
Q: List characteristics of antigens that optimize their immunogenicity.
A: Antigens can be defined as the substances that are responsible for immune response in the body by…
Q: Explain the difference between the immune protection offered by breastfeeding and the immune…
A: Breastfeeding is natural food for the new born baby. It is nutritive and protective for the newborn…
Q: Briefly explain the immunological responses to bacterial superantigens and explain how they differ…
A: By the Bartleby guidelines, only one question can be answered at at time. The first question has…
Q: Describe and give one example: artificial active acquired immunity artificial passive…
A: Artificial active acquired immunity: A protection produced by intentional…
Q: Identify the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of an immunogen.
A: Immune system protects the body against infection. It is a complex network of cells and proteins.…
Q: Define the term immunization ?
A: Immunization is a process that is related to immunity. Here we will define the term immunization…
Q: Can host-cell defense molecules be mobilized by drugs to fight infection?
A: Defense mechanism in a human body is divided into two main categories: Innate (the defense mechanism…
Q: Describe how the immune system responds to alloantigens, superantigens,and allergens.
A: The immune system is responsible for protecting the body from foreign pathogens. Immune system fight…
Q: Discuss how vaccines work.
A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…
Q: Describe the six types of antigen preparations for making vaccines.
A: Vaccines are basically preparations of biological components that help develop an immune response…
Q: Define vaccine.
A: Immunity It is the ability of body to fight infections. Types - 1) on the basis of source Natural…
Q: Explain what is meant by serotype-specific immunity.
A: Immunity is a complex biological phenomenon to different between self and nonself or foreign…
Q: Describe how the antibodies created from the immunizations render and antigen harmless
A: Antigen-It is foreign particle which enter in body and harmful for body.eg pathogens,bacteria etc.…
Q: Describe two advantages of an inactivated vaccine over an attenuated one.
A: There are numerous pathogens that are present in the environment that can potentially harm the body…
Q: Explain the steps in the alternative complement pathway at a single site.
A: Complement is a component of the innate immune system that plays a role in leukocyte opsonization,…
Q: Name and in brief describe the process by which immunological diversity is generated ?
A: Introduction Antibodies can be induced by virtually all microorganisms. Antibodies must be diverse…
Q: Differentiate among antibody classes using structuralcharacteristics, distribution patterns, and…
A: Introduction Antibodies are also known as Immunoglobulins as they resemble globulin which usually…
Q: Proponents of breast feeding often cite the passing of antibodies to the infant as a benefit. This…
A: Breastfeeding provides natural nutrition to the newborn and infant. Human breast milk also contains…
Q: Explain one mechanism of antibody action against viruses.
A: 1. The viruses are internalized by the macrophages by phagocytosis. 2. Then they process the virus…
Q: Discuss three mechanism by which antibody mediate the destruction of pathogen.
A: Antibody An antibody(Ab) is a large protein molecules. The structure of antibody molecule is Y…
Q: Describe the two immunological diagnostic techniques that rely on a secondary antibody and explain…
A: Protein molecules known as antibodies or immunoglobulins are created by the body's immune cells.…
Q: Explain a comparison of good immunogens and poor immunogens.
A: A foreign substance that invades the body and activates the immune system to release antibodies…
Q: Explain why it is not possible for someone to contract a disease through a vaccine, but still have…
A: Vaccine- A vaccine is defined as any substance which is used to stimulate the production of…
Q: Explain how we can support HIV in a bullet form.
A: HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus is causative organism causing AIDS- Acquired Immunodeficiency…
Q: Name the different types of immune responses that vaccines aim to induce.
A: A defense system in the body of an individual which constitutes a complex network of cells and…
Q: importance of vaccine and herd immunity?
A: Biotechnology is a wide range of study where it uses its techniques with biological systems to…
Q: Briefly Explain this statement "Immunomodulator Agents "-Please explain at your own words.
A: There are certain drugs which can modulate the immune response are called Immunomodulator. They are…
Q: Describe in one sentence how a vaccine creates immunity to a virus.
A: Immunity is a biological system that is capable of recognizing tolerating what belongs to it and…
Q: Define the term passive immunization?
A: Immunization is a process in which an individual's immune system is boosted against an infectious…
Q: Identify two immunological diagnostic techniques that rely on a secondary antibody, and explain how…
A: Serology is the scientific study of blood serum and other bodily fluids. In practical immunological…
Q: How does having this additional information make the vaccine more effective?
A: Gene splicing mechanism is known as a post-translational modification. In this form of modification,…
Q: What are the types of Vaccines?
A: A vaccination is a biological preparation that gives people active acquired immunity against a…
Q: In order for vaccines to work, they rely on buildup of ________. a. memory cells b. APC c.…
A: Immunity is a term refers to the ability of the body to fight against the antigen by producing…
Q: Compare and contrast antigenic variation and phase variation.
A: A microbe is a life form that causes sickness. The living body is normally brimming with…
Q: Which of the following is a key feature of an effective vaccine? An effective vaccine should provide…
A: Vaccine is a biological substance which should allow the formation of antibodies against the…
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- Describe the six types of antigen preparations for making vaccines.In the event of an inflammation in the body, discuss the vaccine concept after indicating how the proteins that cause this formation in the cell where the inflammation occurs and therefore cause the initiation of the fight against this foreign substance.Explain the following statement: "Both bacteria and viruses can use similar mechanisms to evade the immune response."