Describe how Wickens and the Sachs experiments provide evidence for semantic coding in STM and LTM. What can we conclude about similarities and differences in STM and LTM based on the way coding occurs in both?
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Describe how Wickens and the Sachs experiments provide evidence for semantic coding in STM and LTM. What can we conclude about similarities and differences in STM and LTM based on the way coding occurs in both?
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- If a geneticist were to genetically modify a mouse strain that shows reduced calcium channel activity in presynaptic terminals and they were to measure the synaptic facilitation from these synapses, what would they expect to find? Would he expect an increased or decreased paired pulse ratio compared to one recorded from synapses of wild-type animals? Why is this the case?When Sperry and colleagues ablated the dorsal RGCs, the remaining ventral RGCs projected to the dorsal tectum. Conversely, when they ablated the ventral RGCs, the remaining dorsal RGCs projected to the ventral tectum.Ephrins and Ephs are distributed in dorsoventral gradients in both structures. EphB1 is expressed in the tectum, in a low-dorsal to high-ventral gradient. Ephrin-B1 and ephrin-B2 are expressed in the retina in a high-dorsal to low-ventral gradient. What do these expression patterns suggest about the mechanism used for dorsoventral patterning of RGCs projecting to the tectum?Explain which component does the KDEL receptor bind its ligand more tightly and more weakly.
- Looking at Fig. 3a and 3b, how do you know that 3a has a significant difference and that Fig. 3b does not? In the euthyroid HT induces ultrastructure changes in frontal synapses section of the results section the authors wrote “Quantitatively, the ultrastructure of the frontal lobe neurons revealed lower synaptic density (Fig. 5c), fewer presynaptic vesicles (Fig. 5d), shorter active zone length (Fig. 5e), thinner postsynaptic densities (Fig. 5g), and decreased synaptic curvature (Fig. 5h) in the HT mice compared with those in the Con mice.” Based on this quote would you expect nerve transmission to be faster or slower in HT mice?Ocular dominance columns result from competition between LGN neurons of the opposite eyes for Stellate cells . (a) What is the key "ingredient" that enables a neuron to successfully compete for Stellate cells? (b) How is this ingredient demonstrated by Hubel and Wiesel using cats? (c) How is this ingredient demonstrated in more recent experiments using a toxin?Has Alzheimer’s disease been associated with genes other than APP? Provide evidence from the interactive that supports this claim.
- What type of experiment can be performed to confirm that the C-terminal KDEL tetrapeptide is both necessary and sufficient in ER localization? (Necessary meaning that without KDEL, ER retrieval would not occur, and sufficient meaning that with KDEL, we would definitely see its effect (ER retrieval would occur))Based on data, which aptamer would consider to be the primary receptor for the FGF5 ligand? Explain your answer.Suggest and explain one way epigenetics may affect the age when symptoms of Huntington's disease start.
- When a signal binds to the Tyrosine kinase receptor (RTK), you have studied that a list of events occur sequentially. Map the events in the correct order from 1st to the last step.We know that short term habituation is due to changes in the presynaptic sensory neuron. What possible changes could explain the results of Kandel’s experiment? Which possibility currently has the most experimental support?What is signal transduction? Illustrate and describe the molecular events in signal transduction pathways involving 1) G-protein-coupled receptors and 2) enzyme linked receptors.
